Nephrons (chp 24)

Question 1

The structural and functional units responsible for filtering the blood and forming urine is ______

Answer 1

Nephrons

Question 2

What are the two diff kinds of nephrons ? Describe and locate them.

Answer 2

Cortical - most numerous (85%)
Located: renal cortex

Juxtamedullary - long nephrons loops penetrate into medulla
Located: deep in cortex at border w/ medulla
Role: imp for concentrating urine

Question 3

What are the two parts of a nephron?

Answer 3

Renal corpuscle - where blood plasma is filtered

Renal tubule - which fluid is filtered (aka glomerular filtrate)

Question 4

What are the two components of renal corpuscle?

Answer 4

Glomerulus - capillary network

Glomerular capsule/Bowman’s capsule - double walled epithelial cup that surrounds glomerular capillaries.

Question 5

Blood plasma is filtered in the ______

Answer 5

Glomerular capsule

Question 6

In order for fluid to pass into renal tubule, the tubule must have three sections called the _____, _____ & _____

Answer 6

1. Proximal convoluted tubule
2. Nephron loop
3. Distal convoluted tube

Question 7

The distal convoluted tubes of several nephrons empty into ______

Answer 7

Collecting duct

Question 8

What is macula densa?

Answer 8

Chemoreceptors that monitor & make adjustments to filtrate

Question 9

____________ cells increase/decrease surface area of filtration membrane.

Answer 9

Mesangial

Question 10

What are the capillary beds that are in both the cortical & juxtamedullary nephrons ?

Answer 10

Cortical - peritubular

Juxtamedullary- vasa recta