Kidney Physiology

Question 1

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 1

• Produces cells

- protein free filtrate

Question 2

Describe tubular reabsorption

Answer 2

Returns 99% of substances from filtrate to blood in renal tubules and collecting ducts

Question 3

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 3

Moves substances from blood - filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts

Question 4

The kidney consists of a million _______

Answer 4

Nephrons

Question 5

What is the renal hilum?

Answer 5

Indentation on kidney where ureter emerges from

Question 6

The ureter emerges from _______

Answer 6

Renal hilum

Question 7

How many layers does the kidney have? Name them all

Answer 7

3

Renal capsule :
- smooth connective tissue

Adipose capsule:

• fatty tissue that surrounds renal capsule
• protects kidney from trauma/holds it in place

Renal fascia: superficial layer
- anchors kidney to surrounding structures & to abdominal wall.

Question 8

What are the two main regions of the kidney?

Answer 8

Superficial :

renal cortex & renal medulla

Question 9

What is the path of urine drainage ?

Answer 9

Collecting duct 
         V
Papillary duct 
         V 
Minor calyx 
         V 
Major calyx 
         V
Renal pelvis 
         V
Ureter 
         V 
Urinary bladder

Question 10

The renal medulla is ____ in color where as renal cortex is ______ light in color.

Answer 10

Medulla - dark red

Cortex - light red

Question 11

What is nephroptosis? Who does this develop in?

Answer 11

Displacement/dropping kidney

Thin people due to deficient adipose or fascia

Question 12

What does the renal medulla consist of ?

Answer 12

cone shaped renal pyramids

Question 13

What are the portions of the renal cortex that extend between the renal pyramids called?

Answer 13

Renal columns

Question 14

What is the parenchyma?

Answer 14

Functional portion of the kidney

Question 15

What is inside the parenchyma?

Answer 15

Nephrons

Question 16

How many nephrons are in the kidney?

Answer 16

1 million

Question 17

What is formed by the nephrons ?

Answer 17

Filtrate (filtered fluid)

Question 18

Where does filtrate drain into?

Answer 18

Papillary ducts

Question 19

Where does papillary ducts drain into?

Answer 19

Minor —> major calyx

Question 20

What is the renal pelvis ?

Answer 20

Large cavity where urine drains into

Question 21

What is the renal sinus ?

Answer 21

Cavity ; contains part of renal pelvis, calyx & branches off the renal blood vessels & nerves

Question 22

What is the purpose of the kidney?

Answer 22

• Removes wastes from blood

- Regulates blood volume & ionic composition

Question 23

Where do kidneys receive blood/nutrients from?

Answer 23

• R&L Renal arteries

Question 24

What is renal blood flow?

Answer 24

Blood flow through both kidneys

Question 25

What is efferent and afferent arterioles ?

Answer 25

Efferent : carries blood away from glomerulus (smaller)

Afferent : brings blood to glomerulus (larger)

Question 26

What is glomerular capsule?

Answer 26

Cluster of nerves/small vessels where waste products are filtered from the blood

Question 27

Each nephron receives one _________

Answer 27

Afferent arteriole

Question 28

What is considered a part of both the cardiovascular and urinary system? And also plays a role in urine formation.

Answer 28

Glomerular capillaries

Question 29

The efferent arterioles divide to form ________ which surround tubular parts of the nephron in renal cortex.

Answer 29

Peritubular capillaries

Question 30

What extends from efferent arterioles ?

Answer 30

Loop shaped capillaries called VASA RECTA

Question 31

What does the vasa recta do?

Answer 31

Supply’s tubular portions of the nephron

Question 32

When peritubular capillaries renuite they form the ______ veins

Answer 32

Cortical radiate veins

Question 33

Which veins does the blood drain through?

Answer 33

Arcuate veins to the jnterlobar veins

Question 34

Many renal nerves originate in the ______________

Answer 34

Renal ganglion

Question 35

Name the path of blood flow in the kidney in order. (16)

Answer 35

Aorta
   V
Renal artery 
    V
Segmental arteries 
    V
Interlobar arteries 
    V 
Arcuate arteries 
    V 
Cortical radiate arteries
    V 
Afferent arterioles 
    V
Glomerular capillaries 
    V 
Efferent arterioles 
    V 
Peritubular capillaries /vasa recta 
    V 
Cortical radiate veins 
    V 
Arcuate veins 
     V 
Interlobar veins 
     V 
Renal vein
     V 
Inferior vena cava 
     V
Vasa recta

Question 36

What is the job of renal arteries & veins?

Answer 36

Renal arteries - bring blood to kidney

Renal vein - take blood away from kidney

Question 37

What kind of organ is a kidney?

Answer 37

Filtration