Nephrond Flashcards
What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
True or False: Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons.
True.
Fill in the blank: The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal _______.
tubule.
What is the primary function of the nephron?
To filter blood and form urine.
What structure in the nephron is responsible for filtration?
The glomerulus.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron? A) Glomerulus B) Bowman’s Capsule C) Ureter D) Loop of Henle
C) Ureter.
What is the role of Bowman’s capsule?
To collect filtrate from the glomerulus.
True or False: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs most of the water and nutrients from the filtrate.
True.
Fill in the blank: The Loop of Henle is divided into a descending limb and an ascending _______.
limb.
What process occurs in the Loop of Henle?
Concentration of urine through reabsorption of water and salts.
Multiple Choice: Which segment of the nephron is primarily involved in the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions? A) Proximal Convoluted Tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal Convoluted Tubule D) Collecting Duct
C) Distal Convoluted Tubule.
What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
True or False: The collecting duct is impermeable to water under all conditions.
False.
What is the final product of nephron function?
Urine.
Fill in the blank: The nephron is responsible for the processes of filtration, ________, and secretion.
reabsorption.
What type of cells line the proximal convoluted tubule?
Cuboidal epithelial cells with microvilli.
Multiple Choice: The primary site for the reabsorption of glucose is located in which part of the nephron? A) Glomerulus B) Proximal Convoluted Tubule C) Loop of Henle D) Collecting Duct
B) Proximal Convoluted Tubule.
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
To regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.
True or False: The nephron can regenerate damaged cells.
False.
Fill in the blank: The nephron plays a critical role in maintaining _______ balance in the body.
electrolyte.
What is the role of aldosterone in nephron function?
To promote sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal convoluted tubule.
Multiple Choice: Which process describes the movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid? A) Filtration B) Reabsorption C) Secretion D) Excretion
C) Secretion.
What is the significance of the counter-current multiplier system in the Loop of Henle?
It creates a concentration gradient that allows for the reabsorption of water.
True or False: Nephrons can function independently from the rest of the kidney.
False.
What is the role of the vasa recta in nephron function?
To supply blood to the kidney while maintaining the osmotic gradient.
