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Nephrology > Nephrology Meds > Flashcards

Nephrology Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Inhibitors

A

Central (alpha agonists)
Peripheral (alpha blockers*, beta blockers, alpha + beta)
*Not usually used in monotherapy

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2
Q

Direct Vasodilators

A

Not usually used as monotherapy

- you get reflex tachy, reflex salt and H20 retention; not used as primary drug

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3
Q

Ca channel blockers

A

Very safe, very effective. Have slight diuretic effect.

  • Dihydropyridine
  • Non-dihydropiridine
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4
Q

RAAS blockers

A

ACE I’s
ARB’s
Renin inhibitors

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5
Q

Initial HTN Therapy

A

Based on Study Data:
General Population –> Non Black: Thiazide, CCB, ACE I, ARB combo
General Population –> Black: CCB, Thiazide. Much more effective in this group
Diabetes and CKD –> ACE I or ARB. Reduces mortality in this group.

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6
Q

Drug Combinations preferred for HTN

A
  • Thiazide + ACE I
  • Thiazide + ARB
  • Thiazide + Ca antag
  • Ace I + Ca (very good clinical trial data that this has best bang for buck in reducing CV mortality)
  • Ca Antag + ARB or ACE I
  • Thiazide + Beta Blockers (useful)
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7
Q

ACE I or ARB contraindications

A

Pregnancy
Hyperkalemia
Bilateral renal artery stenosis

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8
Q

Beta Blocker contraindication

A 
Asthma
AV Block (grade 2 or 3)
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9
Q

Ca Channel blocker contraindications

A

AV Block, Severe LV dysfunction, Heart failure

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10
Q

Mineralcorticoid receptor antag contraindications

A

Acute or severe renal failure, hyperkalemia

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11
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (diuretic)

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12
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

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13
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic

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14
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

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15
Q

HCTZ

A

Thiazide diuretc

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16
Q

Chlorthiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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17
Q

Amiloride

A

Sodium channel blocker

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18
Q

Triamterene

A

Sodium channel blocker

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19
Q

Spirinolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist

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20
Q

Eplerenone

A

Aldosterone antagonist

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21
Q

Conivaptan

A

Vasopressin V2 Receptor antagonist

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22
Q

Tolvaptan

A

Vasopressin V2 Receptor antagonist

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23
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta-blocker

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24
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta-Blocker

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25
Labetalol
Dual alpha/beta blocker
26
Captopril
Short acting ACE I
27
Enalapril
ACE I
28
Lisinopril
ACE I
29
Candesartan
ARB
30
Valsartan
ARB
31
Losartan
ARB
32
Amlodipine
Ca channel blocker
33
Nifedipine
Ca channel blocker
34
Diltiazem
Ca Channel blocker
35
Verapamil
Ca Channel Blocker
36
Centrally acting agents
Ca Ch blocker
37
Clonidine
Ca Channel Blocker
38
Nitroprusside (IV)
Vasodilator -- HTN emergency
39
Fenoldopam (IV)
Vasodilator -- HTN emergency
40
Labetalol (IV)
Adrenergic inhibitor -- HTN Emergency
41
Nicardipine (IV)
Ca channel blocker -- HTN emergency
42
Prednisone
Immunosuppressive agent
43
Methylprednisone
Immunosuppressive agent, IV
44
Mycophenolic acid
Purine synthesis Inhibitor (immunosuppressive)
45
Cyclosporin
Calcineurin inhibitor/Immunosuppressive
46
Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor/immunosuppressive
47
Rapamycin
mTor inhibitor (post-transplant immunsuppression)
48
Anti-thymocyte globulin
Anti-T cell Antibody (post-transplant)
49
Eculizumab
Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody (atypical HUS!)
50
Epoetin alfa
Erythropoiesis stimulating agent
51
Calcitrol
Activated Vit D
52
CaCO3
Phosphate binder (calcium based)
53
Ca acetate
Phosphate binder (calcium based
54
Sevelamer
non-Ca cationic polymer, phosphate binder.
55
ARB indications
"sartan" suffix | HTN, diabetic nephropathy (dyed bead kidney), CHF
56
ARB Side effects
Hyperkalemia
57
HTN Medications
ACE Is, ARB's, Ca channel blockers, Beta blockers, diuretics
58
Acetazoleamide specific SE
metabolic acidosis (increased bicarb excretion)
59
Thiazide specific SE
Hypercalcemia by increasing Ca reabsorption
60
Loops diuretic specific SE
Hearing impairment, Increased calcium excretion in urine | Oh, dang! - ototoxicity, hypoK, dehydration, allergy, nephritis, gout
61
Amiloride specific SE
Hyperkalemia (blocks ENAC, lowers membrane potential, inhibits H+ and K+ excretion)
62
Diuretic side effects (general)
Symptoms of volume depletion: Increased RAAS--> hypoK, met alk, hyperuricemia Thirst + ADH --> increased free water and hyponatremia
63
Aquaretics specific SE
Hypernatremia | Block vasopressin, cause increased excretion of dilute urine
64
Meds to give in hyperkalemia?
``` Calcium to stabilize cardiac membrane Bicarb, insuline, beta agonist Kayexalate Stop beta blocker Stop heparin ```

Nephrology (7 decks)

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