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Nephrology > Nephrology Meds > Flashcards

Nephrology Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Inhibitors

A

Central (alpha agonists)
Peripheral (alpha blockers*, beta blockers, alpha + beta)
*Not usually used in monotherapy

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2
Q

Direct Vasodilators

A

Not usually used as monotherapy

- you get reflex tachy, reflex salt and H20 retention; not used as primary drug

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3
Q

Ca channel blockers

A

Very safe, very effective. Have slight diuretic effect.

  • Dihydropyridine
  • Non-dihydropiridine
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4
Q

RAAS blockers

A

ACE I’s
ARB’s
Renin inhibitors

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5
Q

Initial HTN Therapy

A

Based on Study Data:
General Population –> Non Black: Thiazide, CCB, ACE I, ARB combo
General Population –> Black: CCB, Thiazide. Much more effective in this group
Diabetes and CKD –> ACE I or ARB. Reduces mortality in this group.

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6
Q

Drug Combinations preferred for HTN

A
  • Thiazide + ACE I
  • Thiazide + ARB
  • Thiazide + Ca antag
  • Ace I + Ca (very good clinical trial data that this has best bang for buck in reducing CV mortality)
  • Ca Antag + ARB or ACE I
  • Thiazide + Beta Blockers (useful)
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7
Q

ACE I or ARB contraindications

A

Pregnancy
Hyperkalemia
Bilateral renal artery stenosis

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8
Q

Beta Blocker contraindication

A 
Asthma
AV Block (grade 2 or 3)
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9
Q

Ca Channel blocker contraindications

A

AV Block, Severe LV dysfunction, Heart failure

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10
Q

Mineralcorticoid receptor antag contraindications

A

Acute or severe renal failure, hyperkalemia

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11
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (diuretic)

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12
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

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13
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic

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14
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

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15
Q

HCTZ

A

Thiazide diuretc

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16
Q

Chlorthiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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17
Q

Amiloride

A

Sodium channel blocker

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18
Q

Triamterene

A

Sodium channel blocker

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19
Q

Spirinolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist

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20
Q

Eplerenone

A

Aldosterone antagonist

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21
Q

Conivaptan

A

Vasopressin V2 Receptor antagonist

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22
Q

Tolvaptan

A

Vasopressin V2 Receptor antagonist

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23
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta-blocker

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24
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta-Blocker

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25
Q

Labetalol

A

Dual alpha/beta blocker

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26
Q

Captopril

A

Short acting ACE I

27
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE I

28
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE I

29
Q

Candesartan

A

ARB

30
Q

Valsartan

A

ARB

31
Q

Losartan

A

ARB

32
Q

Amlodipine

A

Ca channel blocker

33
Q

Nifedipine

A

Ca channel blocker

34
Q

Diltiazem

A

Ca Channel blocker

35
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca Channel Blocker

36
Q

Centrally acting agents

A

Ca Ch blocker

37
Q

Clonidine

A

Ca Channel Blocker

38
Q

Nitroprusside (IV)

A

Vasodilator – HTN emergency

39
Q

Fenoldopam (IV)

A

Vasodilator – HTN emergency

40
Q

Labetalol (IV)

A

Adrenergic inhibitor – HTN Emergency

41
Q

Nicardipine (IV)

A

Ca channel blocker – HTN emergency

42
Q

Prednisone

A

Immunosuppressive agent

43
Q

Methylprednisone

A

Immunosuppressive agent, IV

44
Q

Mycophenolic acid

A

Purine synthesis Inhibitor (immunosuppressive)

45
Q

Cyclosporin

A

Calcineurin inhibitor/Immunosuppressive

46
Q

Tacrolimus

A

Calcineurin inhibitor/immunosuppressive

47
Q

Rapamycin

A

mTor inhibitor (post-transplant immunsuppression)

48
Q

Anti-thymocyte globulin

A

Anti-T cell Antibody (post-transplant)

49
Q

Eculizumab

A

Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody (atypical HUS!)

50
Q

Epoetin alfa

A

Erythropoiesis stimulating agent

51
Q

Calcitrol

A

Activated Vit D

52
Q

CaCO3

A

Phosphate binder (calcium based)

53
Q

Ca acetate

A

Phosphate binder (calcium based

54
Q

Sevelamer

A

non-Ca cationic polymer, phosphate binder.

55
Q

ARB indications

A

“sartan” suffix

HTN, diabetic nephropathy (dyed bead kidney), CHF

56
Q

ARB Side effects

A

Hyperkalemia

57
Q

HTN Medications

A

ACE Is, ARB’s, Ca channel blockers, Beta blockers, diuretics

58
Q

Acetazoleamide specific SE

A

metabolic acidosis (increased bicarb excretion)

59
Q

Thiazide specific SE

A

Hypercalcemia by increasing Ca reabsorption

60
Q

Loops diuretic specific SE

A

Hearing impairment, Increased calcium excretion in urine

Oh, dang! - ototoxicity, hypoK, dehydration, allergy, nephritis, gout

61
Q

Amiloride specific SE

A

Hyperkalemia (blocks ENAC, lowers membrane potential, inhibits H+ and K+ excretion)

62
Q

Diuretic side effects (general)

A

Symptoms of volume depletion:
Increased RAAS–> hypoK, met alk, hyperuricemia
Thirst + ADH –> increased free water and hyponatremia

63
Q

Aquaretics specific SE

A

Hypernatremia

Block vasopressin, cause increased excretion of dilute urine

64
Q

Meds to give in hyperkalemia?

A 
Calcium to stabilize cardiac membrane
Bicarb, insuline, beta agonist
Kayexalate
Stop beta blocker
Stop heparin

Nephrology (7 decks)

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