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PANCE Prep/ Green Book > Nephrology and Urology > Flashcards

Nephrology and Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?

A

proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)
hyperlipidemia
edema
hypoalbuminemia

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2
Q

What is the MC nephrotic syndrome in kids?

A

minimal change disease

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3
Q

What is the MC nephrotic syndrome in AA?

A

Focal Segmental Glomerularsclerosis

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4
Q

What is the MC nephrotic in caucasian adults?

A

membranous nephropathy

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5
Q

tx for minimal change disease?

A

corticosteroids

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6
Q

What is the gold standard to dx nephrotic?

A

24 hr urine collection

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7
Q

What are the hallmarks of acute glomerulonephritis?

A

HTN
hematuria (RBC casts)
dependent edema (proteinuria)
azotemia

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8
Q

What diseases only cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

vasculitis (Microscopic polyangiitis- pANCA, granulomatosis with polyagniitis- cANCA ie wegeners)

Goodpasture’s disease (lung and kidneys- hemoptysis)

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9
Q

What are the types of AKI?

A

prerenal**
intrarenal
postrenal

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10
Q

What is the MC type of AKI?

A

pre-renal

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11
Q

What is the MC type of intrarenal kidney injury?

A

acute tubular necrosis

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12
Q

Epithelial cell casts and muddy brown casts point to what?

A

intrinsic kidney injury- acute tubular necrosis

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13
Q

WBC casts point to what kidney problem?

A

intrinsic kidney injury- acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

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14
Q

RBC casts point to what kidney problem?

A

intrinsic kidney injury- glomerular (acute glomerulonephritis)

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15
Q

Hyaline casts point to what kidney problem?

A

nonspecific, can be normal

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16
Q

Fatty casts are seen in what kidney problem?

A

nephrotic syndrome

17
Q

What is pyuria MC due to?

A

infection

18
Q

What heart problem is associated with polycystic kidney disease?

A

mitral valve prolapse

19
Q

Hyperparathyroidism causes a deficiency in what mineral?

A

phosphorus

20
Q

What is the MC cause of hyperphosphatemia?

A

renal failure

21
Q

What is the cut-off between microalbuminemia and macro?

A

300 mg/day

nephrotic is >3 g/d

22
Q

What are the common causes of renal disease?

A

DM
HTN
glomerulonephritis

23
Q

What is the best predictor of CKD?

A

proteinuria

24
Q

what is the preferred way to determine proteinuria in CKD?

A

spot UAlbumin/UCreatinine Ratio (ACR)

25
Q

What cancer secretes ectopic ADH?

A

small cell lung cancer

26
Q

How do you manage SIADH?

A

water restriction

27
Q

What drug can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

lithium

28
Q

Water homeostasis is governed by what hormone?

A

ADH

29
Q

Na homeostasis is governed by what hormone?

A

aldosterone

30
Q

what is normal serum osmolality?

A

285-295

31
Q

What solutes are a part of the osmolality of the serum?

A

Na, glucose, BUN

PANCE Prep/ Green Book (9 decks)

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