Nephrology

Question 1

WBC or Eosinophils in urine

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

hypomagnessemia relation to hypocalcemia

Answer 3

Lower PTH secretion and end-organ resistance to PTH

Question 4

Phosphate regulation, symptoms of hypophosphatemia

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Urine anion gap

Answer 6

Question 7

Associated conditions

Answer 7

Question 8

Metabolic findings

Answer 8

Question 9

Gestation HTN vs pre-eclampsia

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Causes of glomerular disease associated with low complements

Answer 12

Question 13

Nephrolethiasis treatment

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Pathogenesis of membranous glomerulopahty

Answer 15

Membranous glomerulopathy occurs when circulating antibodies permeate the glomerular basement membrane and, in the subepithelial space, form immune complexes with epitopes on podocyte membranes.

(Anti-PLA2R antibodies are detected in approximately 75% of primary cases )

Question 16

The change in the serum sodium for each liter of infusate can be calculated using the formula:

Answer 16

(Infusate Sodium) − (Serum Sodium) ÷ (Total Body Water + 1)