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Internal Medicine > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

Which is larger afferent arteriole or efferent arteriole

A

Afferent arteriole

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2
Q

Normal urine protein excretion

A

Less than 150mg/ 24 hrs

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3
Q

Normal albumin excretion in urine

A

Less than 30mg/ 24 hrs

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4
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

30-300 mg/ 24 hrs

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5
Q

Macroalbuminuria

A

300-3500mg/ 24 hrs

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6
Q

Nephrotic range proteinuria

A

Albumin greater than 3500mg/ 24 hrs

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7
Q

Isolated proteinuria amount

A

Less than 2 grams / 24 hrs

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8
Q

Classification of pathological proteinuria

A

Mild = less than 500 mg
Moderate = 500 mg - 2 grams
Severe = greater than 2 grams

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9
Q

Pathological proteinuria according to nature

A

Selective
Non selective

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10
Q

Pathological protienuria according to site

A

Glomerular
Tubular
Overflow

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11
Q

Glomerular proteinuria

A

Increased capillary permeability (Glomerulonephritis)

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12
Q

Tubular proteinuria

A

Decreased tubular reabsorption of proteins (tubulo interstitial disease)

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13
Q

Overflow proteinuria

A

Increased production of low molecular weight proteins (Monoclonal gammopathies, leukemias, lymphomas)

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14
Q

Primary glomerular disease

A

Minimal change disease

Idiopathic membranous GN
Focal Segmented Glomerulonephritis

Membranoproliferative GN
IgA nephropathy

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15
Q

Secondary Glomerular Diseases

A

Diabetes
Connective tissue diseases like
Lupus Nephritis

Infection
Post streptococcal
Hep B

Malignancy
Lymphoma
Lung

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16
Q

Tubular proteinuria diseases

A

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Uric acid nephropathy
Heavy metals
Sickle cell disease
NSAID
Hypersensitive interstitial nephritis

17
Q

Overflow proteinuria diseases

A

Hemoglobinuria or
Myoglobinuria
Myeloma
Amyloidosis

18
Q

Kidney function test

A

Serum creatinine
Creatinine clearance
Electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Po4)

19
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Nephrotic range proteinuria
With three triads that include
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Edema

20
Q

Proteinuria types

A

Selective - low molecular weight
Non selective - high molecular weight

21
Q

Gross vs microscopic hematuria

A

Gross - visible with naked eye
Microscopic - visible only under microscope

22
Q

Hematuria

A

2-5 RBC s per high power field

Internal Medicine (5 decks)

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