Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RENAL PATHOLOGY > NEPHROLITHIASIS (KIDNEY STONES) > Flashcards

NEPHROLITHIASIS (KIDNEY STONES) Flashcards

1
Q

What is nephrolithiasis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main causes of nephrolithiasis

A

DEHYDRATION
INCREASED URINE SOLUTE
DECREASED STONE INHIBITORS
- Citrate
- Low pH
- High pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical manifestations/ symptoms of nephrolithiasis

A

HEMATURIA
RENAL COLIC
Costovertebral angle (CVA)TENDERNESS
DYSURIA
INCREASED URGENCY
INCREASED FREQUENCY
VOMITING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complications of nephrolithiasis

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS
PYELONEPHRITIS
UROSEPSIS
AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of kidney stones

A

CALCIUM OXALATE
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
URIC ACID
STRUVITE STONES/ STAGHORN CALCULI
CYSTINE STONES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis

A

ABDOMINAL & PELVIS CT
RENAL US
KIDNEY URETER BLADDER XRAY
URINALYSIS
URINE MICROSCOPY
24HR URINALYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kidney stones are formed under low urine pH

A

Calcium oxalate
Uric acid
Cystine stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kidney stones are formed under high urine pH

A

Calcium phosphate
Struvite stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kidney stones are formed due to bacterial infection

A

Struvite stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bacteria causes struvite stones

A

Klebsiella
Protease
Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of kidney stones can be seen in the kidney ureter bladder XRAY

A

Calcium oxalate
Calcium phosphate
Struvite/ staghorn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urine microscopy shows dumbbell shaped crystals, what type of kidney stones are is that?

A

Calcium oxalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Urine microscopy shows needle shaped crystals, what type of kidney stones are is that?

A

Uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urine microscopy shows coffin, rectangular shaped crystals, what type of kidney stones are is that?

A

Struvite stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Urine microscopy shows wedge shaped crystals, what type of kidney stones are is that?

A

Calcium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urine microscopy shows hexagon shaped crystals, what type of kidney stones are is that?

A

Cystine stones

17
Q

How to treat calcium oxalate stones

A

1) Fluids for dehydration
2) Treat underlying disease
eg hyperparathyroidism, high calcitriol etc
3) Increase Ca reabsorption
- Decrease Na+ & protein diet
- Use Thiazide diuretics instead of loop diuretics
4) Decrease Oxalate diet
Eg ice tea
5) Don’t restrict Ca diet
- cause low ca diet increases free oxalate in blood
6) Alkalize urine
Potassium citrate

18
Q

How to treat calcium phosphate stones

A

1) Fluids
2) Treat underlying disease
3) Increase Ca reabsorption (decrease urine Ca)
- Decrease Na+ & protein diet
- Use Thiazide diuretics instead of loop diuretics
4) Acidify urine

19
Q

How to treat struvite stones

A

1) Fluids
2) Antibiotics
4) Acidify urine

20
Q

How to treat uric acid stones

A

1) Fluids
2) Treat underlying disease
Gout
Tumor lysis syndrome
Diabetes
DRUG: ALLPURINOL (inhibits uric acid formation)
3) Decrease purine diet
4) Alkalize urine
Potassium citrate

21
Q

How to treat cystine stones

A

1) Fluid
2) TYOPRONIN
Binds with cystine
Prevent cystine & amino acid from binding to form stones
3) Alkalize urine
Potassium citrate

RENAL PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions