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RENAL PATHOLOGY > AKI > Flashcards

AKI Flashcards

1
Q

What is AKI

A

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY Is acute injury to the kidney decreasing renal function

clinical syndrome manifested by a rapid or abrupt decline in kidney function and subsequent dysregulation of the body electrolytes and volume, and abnormal retention of nitrogenous waste.

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2
Q

What is the pathophysiolgy of AKI

A
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3
Q

What are the categoriee of etiology of AKI or what are the types of AKI

A

1) PRE-RENAL
2) INTRARENAL
3) POST-RENAL

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4
Q

What is PRE-RENAL AKI?

A
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5
Q

Causes of pre-renal AKI?

A

CHF
Liver Failure
Pancreatitis
Nephrotic syndrome
Septic shock
Renal embolism
Hepatorenal syndrome
Excess Diuretics
NSAIDS
Renal artery Stenosis
Hypercalcemia
Severe Dehydration
Excess sweating
Severe vomiting & diarrhea
Burns
Hemorrhage

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6
Q

Causes of INTRARENAL AKI

A

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
THROMBOTIC MICRO ANGIOPATHY

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7
Q

What is AKI according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) Criteria

A

Serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours

Serum creatinine ≥1.5 times baseline within the prior seven days

Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hour for six hours

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8
Q

Causes of ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS in intrarenal AKI

A

ISCHEMIA
DRUGS
•Vancomycin
•Aminoglycosides
•Antiviral e.g Acyclivir
•Contrast dyes
HEMOLYSIS
RHABDOMYOLYSIS
CANCER
MULTIPLE MYELOMA

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9
Q

Causes of ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS in intrarenal AKI

A

DRUGS
- Beta-lactam’s antibiotics
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
SARCOIDOSIS & AMYLOIDOSIS
SLE
INFECTION

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10
Q

Causes of THROMBOTIC MICRO ANGIOPATHY in intrarenal AKI

A

TTP
DIC
HUS

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11
Q

What is INTRARENAL AKI

A
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12
Q

What is POST-RENAL AKI

A
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13
Q

Causes of POST RENAL AKI

A

KIDNEY STONES
RENAL CALCULUS
TUMOR
BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA
PROSTATE CANCER
URETHRAL INJURY/ STRICTURE
FOLEY CATHETER FAILURE
NEUROGENIC BLADDER
DRUGS PREVENTING INCONTINENCE

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14
Q

Complications of AKI

A

a) UREMIA (high blood urea)
Seizures
Encephalopathy
Asterixis
Platelets Dysfunction
Pericarditis
Pericardial Effusion

b) METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Arrhythmia
Hypotension

c) EDEMA
d) DRUG ACCUMULATION
e) HYPERKALEMIA

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15
Q

DIAGNOSIS OF AKI

A

HISTORY
KDIGO CRITERIA
RENAL FUNCTION TEST
URINALYSIS WITH MICROSCOPY
IMAGING
Renal US
Bladder Scan
Abdominal & pelvis CT
URINE ELECTROLYTE
SEROLOGY
RENAL BIOPSY

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16
Q

What are the Indications for dialysis

A

ACIDOSIS
ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE (HYPERKALEMIA)
DRUG INTOXICATION
VOLUME OVERLOAD
UREMIA

RENAL PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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