Nephrolithiasis

Question 1

MC renal stone

Answer 1

Calcium oxalate

Question 2

Risk factor in diet for stone formation

Lower_____

Answer 2

Calcium
Phytate
K+

Question 3

increasing cystine solubility.

This goal may be achieved by treatment with medication that covalently binds to cystine

Answer 3

tiopronin and penicillamine) and a medication that raises urine pH. Tiopronin is the preferred choice due to its better adverse event profile. The preferred alkalinizing agent is potassium citrate

Question 4

Management of calcium oxalate stones

Answer 4

thiazide diuretic, in doses higher than those used to treat hypertension, can substantially lower urine calcium excretion. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that thiazide diuretics can reduce calcium oxalate stone recurrence by ~50%. When a thiazide is prescribed, dietary sodium restriction is essential to obtain the desired reduction in urinary calcium excretion.

Question 5

predominant influence on uric acid solubility; therefore, the mainstay of prevention of uric acid stone formation

Answer 5

Urine pH

Increase ph to 6-7to prevent

Question 6

Urease inhibitor

Answer 6

acetohydroxamic acid