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Nephro > AKI > Flashcards

AKI Flashcards

1
Q

Part of nephron affected leading to AKI by tumors lysis syndrome
Uric acid
Myeloma light chain

Acyclovir, methotrexate

A

Intratubular

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2
Q

Part of nephron affected leading to AKI by
Rhabdomyolysis
Hemolysis

A

Tubules

Toxic acute tubular necrosis by
- endogenous:
  - rhabdomyolysis
  - hemolysis
- exogenous
 - contrast 
 - cisplatin
 - gentamicin 
Ischemic ATN
Sepsis
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3
Q

AKI caused by Ifosphamide

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

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4
Q

Precipitates in tubules, AKI by tubular obstruction

A

Acyclovir

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5
Q

Antibiotics which cause tubular necrosis

A

Aminoglycosides

Amphotericin B

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6
Q

Chemo agents which accumulated in PTC and cause necrosis and apoptosis

A

Cisplatin and Carboplatin

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7
Q

Causes Type II RTA (Fanco i syndrome)

A

Ifosfamide

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8
Q

Chinese herb nephropathy

A

Aristocjolic acid

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of myoglobin AKI

A

Intrarenal vasoconstriction

direct proximal tubular toxicity

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10
Q

Mechanism of hypercalcemia causing AKI

A

Intense renal vasoconstriction and volume depletion

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11
Q

Intraabdominal pressure than can lead to renal vein compression and AKI

A

> 20 mmHg

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12
Q

FeNa in pre renal azotemia

A

<1% FeNa

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13
Q

Can present as normal urinary sediments in AKI

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

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14
Q

Novel biomarker for early indicator of renal injury

A

NGAL

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15
Q

CKD stage which has a GFR of 30-59 ml/min

A

Stage 3

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16
Q

(+) granular casts in the urine sediment
Renal tubular epithelial cell casts
FeNa >1%

A

Ischemia associated AKI

17
Q

Features of tumor lysis syndrome

A

Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypocalcemia

18
Q

Casts in myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria

A

RTEs

19
Q

AKI mechanism myeloma light chain

A

Direct tubular toxicity

Bonds with tamm horsfall form obstructing casts

20
Q

AKI mechanism hypercalcemia

A

Intense renal vasoconstriction

Volume depletion

21
Q

AKI mechanism

Melamine

A

Nephrolithiasis

22
Q

AKI mechanism

Myoglobin

A

Inyrarenal vasoconstriction
Direct tubular proximal tox
Mech obstruction of distal nephron

23
Q

AKI mechanism

BEVACIZUMAB

A

proteinuria
Hypertension

Antianhiogenesis

24
Q

AKI mechanism

Ifosfamide

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Type II RTA or Fanconis syndrome

25
Q

AKI mechanism

Acyclovir

A

Tubular obstruction

26
Q

Payhophysioigy of post renal AKI

A

Initial period of hyperemia
Arteriolar dilation
Intrarenal vasoconstriction

Nephro (5 decks)

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