nephro/uro

Question 1

questions for inritation and obstruction

Answer 1

Irritation - FUND
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
Discomfort

Obstructive WISE
W eak stream or dribbling
I initiate to urinate
Straining
Emtying

Question 2

Urine anaylsis

Answer 2

COCA BFC
blood
frothy
cloudy
not clear

Question 3

ask if with blood in urine

Question 4

Differential diagnosis of bloody urine

Answer 4

Nephropathy
IgA nephropathy - fever with tea colored urine
PSGN - sore throat, fever, tea colored urine

I PEE RBCS
I infections/ UTI
P- PCKD/PSGN/CKD
E exercise
E external trauma
R- rhabdomyolysis/Renal glomerular
B- bleeding disorder/NPH/ Bladder
C- cancer/ Cyst/ Crystal
S - stone/sickle cell

Question 5

PSGN management

Answer 5

Investigations:
serum albumin creatinine ratio, fasting lipids
Best initial test ASO titers
Renal ultrasound (in case of hematuria do U/S, in case of stone CT scan)
Most accurate: Renal biopsy
Complement levels C3 C4 (decreased)

Treatment
antibiotics (penicillin or others) if ASOT positive
diuretics (frusemide) - Treat periorbital edema with
hypertension salt restriction and fluids
albuminuria positive - treat with ARB only when

Question 6

IgA nephropathy mngt

Answer 6

ARBS/ACEI - protein >300, crea >1.2
steroids - protein >1g

Question 7

Dark Urine DD

Answer 7

Autoimmune
Bleeding disorders
Cancer
Drugs/diet
E nfection
Stones

Question 8

incontinence managements

Answer 8

stress kegels exercise , weight loss, urodynamic, bladder training, bulking agents (collagen), Pessary
Urge - oxybuterine, botox
overflow - surgery

Question 9

UTI post coital management

Answer 9

Pre coital antibiotics
prophylaxis - taripethoprime 3x a week