nephro Flashcards
extrarenal features of autosomal dominant polycycstic kideny disease?
berry berry aneurysms
hepatic/pancreatic cysts
Mitral valve prolapse, aortic regurgitation
diverticulosis
Presentation of autosomal dominant polycycstic kideny disease?
palpable abdominal masses (bilateral)
Hypertension
+/-flank pain, hematuria, CKD
what is a known complication of impetigo?
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. A nephritic syndrome that develops 1-3 weeks after initial infection
In addition to Escherichia coli, what other pathogens cause cause infection of the urinary system?
Proteus Mirabilis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Staphylococcus saprphyticus
What is proteus mirabilis and how does it cause kident stone formation?
Proteus mirabilis is a urease-producing bacterium that causes UTIs/pyelonephritis.
Urease generate ammonium = alkalization of urine pH >8 = decreased solubility of phosphate - struvite stones (mag ammonium phosphate)
what is the treatment for ethylene glycol posioning?
Fomepizole or ethanol
Urinalysis will show ________indicating ethylene glycol poisioning.
Envelope or dumbbell shaped Ca+ oxalate crystals
what is the triad presentation for ethylene glycol?
1) flank pain
2) gross hematuria
3) oliguria
Aspirin overdose may present with?
Signs of hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) and high anion gap metabolic acidosis
how does methanol poisioing present?
visual blurring, central blind spot, blindness
what are some causes of high anion gap mentabolic acidosis?
MUDPILERS
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Rhabdo
Salicylates
varicocele primary vs secondary
ACute hypocalcemia causes
neck surgery = parathyroidectomy
pancreatitis (via saponification)
Tumor lysis syndrome
What are the clinical findings of hypocalcemia ?
peripheral neuromuscular excitability (tetany)
Chvostek sign (facial muscle spasm)
Trousseau sign (carpopedal spasm)
Paresthesia, hyperreflexia
seizures
what is the treatment for hypocalcemia
IV calcium gluconate/chloride
what are some medication causes of SIADH?
Carbamazepine, SSRIs, NSAIDs
