Nephro

Question 1

What does the thin descending loop of Henle do?

Answer 1

Reabsorbs water

Question 1

What does the PCT reabsorb/secrete?

Answer 1

Reabsorbs: Bicarb, glucose, water, uric acids, amino acids, potassium, chloride, most of the sodium, most of the calcium, phosphate

Secretes: hydrogen, phosphate

Question 2

What does the thick ascending loop of Henle do?

Answer 2

Reabsorbs ions (sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium) but NOT water.

Question 3

What does the distal convoluted tubule do?

Answer 3

Reabsorbs sodium, chloride, calcium and magnesium but NOT water

Question 4

What does the collecting tubule react to?

Answer 4

Aldosterone

Question 5

What does the collecting tubule do?

Answer 5

Reabsorbs sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen (in principal cells hydrogen secretion, in alpha intercalated cells potassium secretion)

Question 6

What are the tubular defects?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are causes of Fanconi syndrome?

Answer 7

Wilson’s disease, tyrosinemia, glycogen storage disease, renal ischemia, multiple myeloma, drugs

Question 8

What abnormality do you see in Fanconi syndrome?

Answer 8

Metabolic acidosis because you lose a lot of bicarb (not getting reabsorbed)

Renal tubular acidosis

Hypophosphatemia (can cause osteopenia)

Question 9

What is Barter syndrome? What abnormality do you see?

Answer 9

Deficit of the NKCC2 transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle.

Hypokalemia (less reabsorption of K) but NOT hyponatremia because you’re losing water with it too since the thick loop does not reabsorb water.

Hypercalciuria

Question 10

Nephrotic or nephritic: proteinuria AND hematuria

Answer 10

Nephritic

Question 11

Nephrotic or nephritic: insidious onset

Answer 11

Nephrotic

Question 12

Nephrotic or nephritic: HTA

Answer 12

Nephritic

Question 13

Nephrotic or nephritic: always proteinuria, sometimes hematuria

Answer 13

Nephrotic

Question 14

Nephrotic or nephritic: RBC casts

Answer 14

Nephritic