Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Nephritis I and II > Flashcards

Nephritis I and II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the histological findings of diffuse lupus proliferative glomerulo-nephritis (DPLGN)?

A

wire-loop lesions - with IgG deposits

karyorrhexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the electron micrograph findings of DPLGN?

A

subendothelial deposits

paracrystalline structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

general characteristics of post-streptococal glomerulonephritis

A

presents as a nephritic state

history of infection

high anti-strepto (ASO) and anti-DNase B titers

petechial hemorrhages on the kidney surface (severe disease)

hypercellular glomeruli and hump-like deposits

deposits made up of C3 and IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the histological findings of post-strep GN?

A

hypercellular glomeruilus with PMNs in the capillary and urinary space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the electron micrograph findings of post-strep GN?

A

heavy influx of PMNs sticking to the basement membrane throughout

subepithelial humps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

general characteristics of IgA nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)

A

history of episodes of gross hematuria (URI, GI problems)

history of episodes of Henoch-Scholein purpura

mesangial cell proliferation with deposits

deposits of IgA and C3 in the mesangium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the histologic findings of IgA nephropathy?

A

mesangial cell proliferation and deposits of IgA

purpuric rash on feet and buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the electron micrograph findings of IgA nephropathy?

A

paramesangial deposit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

general characteristics of Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

A

neprotic with mild hematuria

history of URI, ventriculoatrial shunts, hepatitis-B, or subacute endocarditis

C3 alternate and classical pathways involved (low levesl of complement in blood)

subendothelial deposits of IgG and C3

hypercellular glomeruli with accentuated lobules and mesangial interposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the histological findings of MPGN-I?

A

lobulations

mesangial interposition or GBM duplication

*seen through a silver stain

fringe pattern fluorescence of IgG or C3 and formation of lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the electron micrograph findings of MPGN-I?

A

proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells and lobulation of the glomerulus

mesangial interposition of GBM duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

general characteristics of goodpasture’s syndrome

A

anti-basement membrane antibody (cross-reactive with lung and kidney)

target is the type IV collagen

pulmonary hemorrhage and RPGN

crescentic glomerulonephritis (linear GBM immunofluorescence with IgG and C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the histological findings of GPS?

A

hemorrhagic surface of the kidney

proliferation of intrinsic cells with crescent

antibody binds GBM where the antigen lies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the electron micrograph findings of GPS?

A

disruption of the GBM with repair

inbetween, proteins, cells, and debris can get through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the GP antigen located?

A

in the NC1 domain of type IV collagen of the GBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

general characteristics of Wegener’s Granulomatosis (WG)

A

triad of nasopharyngeal granuloma, microscopic vasculitis, and necrotizing glomerulitis

C-anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) anti-PR3 reactivity

17
Q

What are the histologic findings of Wegener’s Granulomatosis?

A

necrotizing cystic pulmonary lesions

multi-nucleated giant cells in the glomerulus

segmental necrosis of the glomerulus

18
Q

What are the protein targets of C-ANCA? Where are they found? What disease are they associated with?

A

antibodies directed against PR3, serine protease, 29 kDa

found in azurophilic granules

common to Wegener’s Granulomatosis

19
Q

What are the protein targets of P-ANCA? Where are they found? What disease are they associated with?

A

antibodies that target MPO, elastase, lactoferrin

MPO and elastase are found in azurophilic granules

lactoferrin is found in specific granules

associated with crescentic glomerulonephritis

20
Q

What is the difference between C-ANCA and P-ANCA in terms of disease presentation and cellular location?

A

C-ANCA is cytoplasmic and is found in both microscopic vasculitis as well as Wegener’s granulomatosis

P-ANCA is perinuclear and is found in only microscopic vasculitis

21
Q

What is the common histological finding in pauci-immune complex glomerulonephritis?

A

proliferation of intrinsic cells with cresecent

this crescent finding is not specific to this disease or Goospasture’s

22
Q

types of tubulo-interstitial diseases

A

ischemia and toxins (acute tubular necrosis, ATN)

infections (pyelonephritis)

metabolic/physical factors (stones)

immunologic factors (transplant rejection)

vascular diseases (hypertension)

miscellaneous (polycystic disease)

23
Q

primary vs. secondary hypertension

A

primary - cause unknown, can be benign or malignant

secondary - renal, endocrine, vascular, neurogenic cuases

24
Q

benign hypertension

A

more than 160/90 mmHg

over 60 years, worsened by diabetes

25
Q

etiology of benign hypertension

A

1) insensitivity of kidney to blood pressure -> increased Na accumulation
2) defective Na/Ca transport -> increased sensitivity to vasoconstriction
3) elevated neurohormonal release

26
Q

How is the surface of the kidney affected by benign hypertension?

A

finely granular surface

27
Q

What are some of the renal histological findings in benign hypertension?

A

arteriosclerosis, thickening of arteries, and duplication of elastic lamina

thickening and hyalinosis of arterioles

28
Q

general characteristics of malignant hypertension

A

more than 125 mmHg diastolic blood pressure

relatively younger patients, especially african-americans

29
Q

diseases associated with malignant hypertension

A

glomerulonephritis

collagen vasculitides

30
Q

lesions found in malignant hypertension and their histology

A

necrotizing arteriolitis

hyperplastic arteriolitis

histology - onion skin appearance and multiplication of the elastic lamina

31
Q

clinical presentation of malignant hypertension

A

headach

papilledema

hemorrhage

hematuria

convulsions

32
Q

laboratory findings in malignant hypertension

A

high levels of renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone

33
Q

What are the renal histological findings in malignant hypertension?

A

thrombi in the capillaries and their disruption due to increased intra-lumenal pressure

arterioles show fibrinoid necrosis and necrotizing arteriolitis

arteries show marked luminal narrowing due to hyperplastic arteritis

34
Q

How is the surface of the kidney affected by malignant hypertension?

A

flea bitten kidney

35
Q

renal causes of secondary hypertension

A

glomerular diseases

tubulointerstitial diseases

vascular diseases

36
Q

primary findings in renal secondary hypertension

A

renal artery stenosis due to fibromascular hyperplasia - media hyperplasia is the most common

could also be due to atheromatous plaques at the origin of the renal artery

leads to one small and ischemic kidney along with hypertrophy of the other kidney to compensate

37
Q

What are the renal histological findings of secondary hypertension?

A

hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

renin granules often seen accompanying the hyperplasia

Renal (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions