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Neurology > Neoplastic myelopathies > Flashcards

Neoplastic myelopathies Flashcards

1
Q

Extradural

A
  • Outside the dura
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2
Q

Intradural-Extramedullary

A

– Inside the dura but not inside the cord

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3
Q

Intramedullary

A
  • Inside the cord
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4
Q

Which tumors tend to be extradural?

A
  • Vertebral tumors (sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, multiple myeloma)
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5
Q

Which tumors tend to be intradural-extramedullary?

A
  • Meningiomas*** (most common in dogs)
  • LSA
  • Nephroblastoma
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6
Q

Which tumors tend to be intramedullary?

A
  • Oligodendrogliomas
  • Astrocytomas
  • LSA
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7
Q

Signalment of most neoplastic myelopathies?

A
  • Adult/geriatric
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8
Q

Signalment possibility of lymphoma

A
  • Young cats
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9
Q

Signalment possibility of nephroblastoma

A
  • 8 months of age
  • Chronic, progressive history
  • Patient that gets better on steroids but worse off is like a cancer patient until proven otherwise
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10
Q

History of neoplastic myelopathies

A
  • Chronic, progressive neurological deficits noted by owners
  • May have previously improved with steroid therapy
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11
Q

PE of neoplastic myelopathies

A
  • May be normal (majority don’t met anywhere else; more likely for another tumor to met to the spinal cord)
  • Assess for presence of comorbidities (murmurs, orthopedic disease)
  • Evidence of metastasis or a primary mass or tumor
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12
Q

Neuro exam with neoplasia

A
  • Depends on localization
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13
Q

Diagnostic work up with neoplasia

A
  • Minimal data base (usually normal)
  • Radiographs
  • MRI +/- CSF
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14
Q

Which tumor type can cause hyperglobulinemia and proteinuria?

A
  • Multiple myeloma
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15
Q

Treatment for neoplastic myelopathy

A
  • Might depend on the tumor
  • Supportive - pain control, steroids (at an anti-inflammatory dose)
  • Surgical and/or radiation therapy
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16
Q

What is the most common spinal cord tumor?

A
  • Meningiomas
17
Q

Where do meningiomas arise from, and what does this make the classification of their tumor?

A
  • Arise from meninges

- Intramural/extramedullary

18
Q

Where are meningiomas most common?

A
  • Cervical spinal cord
19
Q

Breeds predisposed to meningiomas

A
  • Boxers and Goldens predisposed
20
Q

Diagnosis of meningiomas

A
  • MRI (and CT)
21
Q

Who tends to get lymphoma?

  • Localization of lymphoma
A
  • Younger cats that are often FeLV +

- Can do whatever it wants

22
Q

What should you think if nerve root enlargement is one sided?

A
  • Nerve sheath tumor
23
Q

WHat hsould you think if nerve root enlargement is bilateral?

A
  • Often lymphoma
24
Q

Lymphoma in CNS prognosis

A
  • Poor prognosis often regardless of what you do or how aggressive you are
25
Q

Localization for:

Paraparesis worse in the left pelvic limb

  • Normal pelvic limb reflexes
A
  • Left sided T3-L3
26
Q

Where does nephroblastoma tend to occur?

A
  • between T10-L2
27
Q

WHo gets nephroblastoma?

A
  • Most are under 1 year but up to 2 years
28
Q

Nephroblastoma pathophysiology

A
  • Kidney tissue gets trapped as the spinal column forms, undergoes malignant transformation
29
Q

Treatment for nephroblastoma?

A
  • Radiation/surgery
30
Q

Long-term prognosis for nephroblastoma?

A
  • Poor
31
Q

Other aWhat are the gliomas?

A
  • Oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, others
32
Q

Who gets histiocytic sarcomas?

A
  • Bernese Mt Dog
33
Q

Dfdx for for vertebral column tumors

A
  • Osteosarcoma (poor prognosis; few months with surgery and radiation)
  • Fibrosarcoma
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Multiple myeloma
  • LSA
34
Q

Osteosarcoma prognosis

A
  • Poor
  • Few months even with sx and radiation
  • Surgery only if spinal cord cmopression
35
Q

Multiple myeloma appearance

A
  • Differentiate if multiple lytic lesions
  • Good prognosis
  • Steroids and something else
  • 2 years
36
Q

Localization:

Progressive paraparesis for 2 months with pelvic limb ataxia

Decreased knuckling in the pelvic limbs

Mild discomfort upon palpation in the thoracic spine

A
  • T3-L3

Neurology (14 decks)

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