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Neurology > Anomalous and other myelopathies > Flashcards

Anomalous and other myelopathies Flashcards

1
Q

Hemivertebrae definition

A
  • Vertebral body fails to form appropriately
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2
Q

Examples of hemivertebrae

A
  • Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
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3
Q

Which vertebra is most commonly affected as a hemivertebrae?

A
  • T8
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4
Q

Appearance of hemivertebrae?

A
  • Wedge-shaped
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5
Q

Which dog breeds get hemivertebrae?

A
  • Dog breeds with screw tails
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6
Q

Neuro signs for hemivertebrae?

A
  • Deferrable to neurolocalization of the anomaly (e.g. a T8 issue will localize to T3-L3)
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7
Q

Definition of a blocked vertebrae?

A
  • Failure of segregation of individual vertebrae

- FUSED vertebrae

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8
Q

Spina bifida definition

A
  • WHen the dorsal aspect of the vertebra doesn’t fuse
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9
Q

Who gets spina bifida?

A
  • English bulldogs and Manx cats
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10
Q

What are transitional vertebrae?

A
  • Vertebra with characteristics of two different types of vertebra (e.g. thoracic and lumbar vertebrae)
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11
Q

Pathophysiology of atlanto-axial instability

A
  • Hypoplasia of the dnes leads to instability of the AA joint
  • Axis subluxates or luxates dorsally leading to cord compression
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12
Q

Which ligaments help stabilize the atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • Alar ligaments
  • Apical ligaments
  • Transverse ligaments
  • Maybe draw them on the atlas
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13
Q

History with AA instability

A
  • Acute onset cervical related signs

- Can be the result of traumatic injury (dens fracture)

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14
Q

Signalment of AA instability

A
  • Younger patients, toy breeds (Yorkie, Mini Poodle)

- Can see in older patients

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15
Q

Treatment of AA instability

A
  • Conservative vs surgical
  • Conservative is a bandage and strict rest + pain control
  • External coaptation (immobilize the joint above and below)
  • Pain control
  • 6 weeks at least and strict cage management
  • NEVER use a neck lead whether you do or don’t stabilize
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16
Q

Surgery for AA instability

A
  • Similar to Wobblers

- Stabilizing the spine

17
Q

Subarachnoid diverticulum - where is it?

A
  • It’s in the subarachnoid space
  • Leads to cord compression
  • Think that there’s an abnormality in how CSF flows, leading to pockets of inflammation
18
Q

Three layers of the meninges

A
  • Dura
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia
19
Q

Are subarachnoid diverticula cysts?

A
  • No

- They are not lined with epithelium

20
Q

Underlying cause of subarachnoid diverticulum

A
  • Only 21% have an underlying cause
21
Q

Where do subarachnoid diverticula tend to happen, and in which breeds?

A
  • Cervical (Rottweilers)
  • Thoracolumbar (Pugs)
  • Often dorsal or dorsolaterally
22
Q

Chronicity of subarachnoid diverticula

A
  • Slow, progressive ataxia and paresis

- Tetra or para depending on the location of the lesion

23
Q

CLinical signs of subarachnoid diverticula

A
  • Slow, progressive ataxia and paresis
  • Tetra or paraparesis depending on the location of the lesion
  • Tends to be non-painful
24
Q

Diagnosis of subarachnoid diverticula

A
  • Best with MRI

- CSF done to rule out predisposing causes

25
Q

Spondylosis deformans definition

A
  • Common degenerative process with bony bridge between vertebrae
26
Q

Clinical significance of spondylosis deformans

A
  • Usually none
27
Q

What are spondylosis deformans usually associated with?

A
  • IVD protrusions

- Tends to develop as a secondary process in attempts to stabilize the disc space due to annular degeneration

28
Q

Clinical significance of hemivertebrae

A
  • Often none
29
Q

What is disseminate idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis?

A
  • Extensive periarticular calcification and ossification
  • Systemic disorder with bone deposited along tendons, joints, etc.
  • More than 4 vertebral bodies joined together
30
Q

Who gets disseminate idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis?

A
  • Boxers and flat-coated Retrievers are predisposed
31
Q

Localization:

6 m/o MN Pitbull

Progressive paraparesis for 3 months

  • Neuro exam:

Mentation normal

Crouched in rear

Proprioception decreased in pelvic limbs

Reflexes Normal

CN normal

A
  • T3-L3
32
Q

Differentials for Blu

6 m/o MN Pitbull

Progressive paraparesis for 3 months

  • Neuro exam:

Mentation normal

Crouched in rear

Proprioception decreased in pelvic limbs

Reflexes Normal

CN normal

A
  • Anomaly
  • Trauma
  • Neoplasia

Neurology (14 decks)

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