Neoplastic Diseases Flashcards
Characteristics of a benign neoplasm?
well defined, encapsulated, slow growing, hypovascularized
What is the most common benign liver tumor?
Hemangiomas
What are hemangiomas made up of?
blood vessels
Hemangiomas
women, asymptomatic, increase with pregnancy/estrogen therapy
Sonographic appearance of hemagiomas
small, well defined, homogenous, hyperechoic, slow flow not detected
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
hyperplastic lesion containing elements of normal tissue, women (influenced by hormones), asymptomatic, “stealth lesion”
Sonographic appearance of FNH
subtle, less than 8cm, central hypoechoic, doppler flow centrally, hot/cold nodule
What lesion is linked to oral contraceptives?
adenomas
What other diseases are adenoma related to?
type 1 glycogen storage disease (GSD, von Gierk’s disease
Sonographic appearance of adenomas
non specific echogenicity, 8-15cm, solid, solitary, central blood flow, cold nodule
Lipoma
very rare in the liver, asymptomatic, hyperechoic, similar appearance to hemangioma
What further imaging does a hemangioma require?
RBC scintigraphy
What is the treatment for adenoma?
surgery
how will the spleen appear with a neoplasm?
homogenous, hilum disrupted by vessels, inverted comma
What is the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen?
cavernous hemangioma
cavernous hemangioma
congenital, not common, asymptomatic, u/s not conclusive
sonographic appearance of cavernous hemangiomas
hyperechoic to complex with cystic degeneration
hamartoma
rare, lymphoid tissue, homogenous, solid, echogenic
Lymphangioma
rare, lymphatic malformation, variable appearance, multi loculated cystic mass
adenomas of the GB
true neoplasm, have stocks, asymptomatic, hyperechoic, homogenous, <10mm, hypovascular
cholesterolosis
accumulation of cholesterol in the gallbladder wall
Types of cholesterolosis
cholesterosis (strawberry gallbladder), cholesterol polyps
T/F: polyps can be differentiated with u/s
False: they cannot be differentiated
adenomyomatosis
GB; exaggeration of the RA sinuses, hyperechoic foci on wall of gb, commet tail artifact, fundus
What is the most common Islet cell tumor?
insulinoma
What percentage of islet cell tumors are functioning?
85% are functioning, 15% are non-functioning
Where is an insulinoma usually found?
Body or tail of the pancreas -benign
Sonographic appearance of islet cell tumor?
encapsulated, solitary, hypoechoic, variable in size, further testing for malignancy
Angiomyolipoma - AML
cortex of the kidney fat, muscles, blood vessels females asymptomatic hyperechoic, unilateral, low flow
What is angiomyolipoma associated with?
tuberous sclerosis (genetic seizures, form tumors in brain or other organs
What can angiomyolipoma mimic?
renal cell carcinoma
What is the difference between an adenoma and a oncocytoma?
Adenoma is <3cm
oncocytoma is >3cm
male>female, 6th - 7th decade
What is the most common functioning of a adenoma in the kidney?
nonfunctioning - not producing hormones
What can hyperfunction adenomas result in?
endocrine abnormalities:
Cushing’s syndrome -excess cortisol
Conn’s disease - excess aldosterone
Myelolipoma
rare, may arise form zona fasciculata, non-functioning, asymptomatic
males=females
5th- 6th decade
What is the sonographic appearance of myelolipoma?
hyperechoic (contains fat), <5cm, creates propagation speed artifact
pheochromocytoma
hyperfunctioning tumor of the medulla
hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, sweating
40-50
rt>lt
What is pheochromocytoma associated with?
tuberous sclerosis and MEN syndrome
Sonographic appearance of pheochromocytoma?
solid unilateral encapsulated hypoechoic homogenous heterogenous >2cm
What is the most common tumor the abdomen wall?
Desmoid tumor
Desmoid tumor
arises from connective tissue at surgical or laparoscopic site postpartum association females 20-40 hypoechoic, homogenous
What tumor contains fat, mobile, soft on palpation, compressible and echogenic?
lipoma
