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Fall Term 2021 > Neoplastic Diseases > Flashcards

Neoplastic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a benign neoplasm?

A

well defined, encapsulated, slow growing, hypovascularized

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2
Q

What is the most common benign liver tumor?

A

Hemangiomas

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3
Q

What are hemangiomas made up of?

A

blood vessels

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4
Q

Hemangiomas

A

women, asymptomatic, increase with pregnancy/estrogen therapy

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5
Q

Sonographic appearance of hemagiomas

A

small, well defined, homogenous, hyperechoic, slow flow not detected

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6
Q

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

A

hyperplastic lesion containing elements of normal tissue, women (influenced by hormones), asymptomatic, “stealth lesion”

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7
Q

Sonographic appearance of FNH

A

subtle, less than 8cm, central hypoechoic, doppler flow centrally, hot/cold nodule

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8
Q

What lesion is linked to oral contraceptives?

A

adenomas

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9
Q

What other diseases are adenoma related to?

A

type 1 glycogen storage disease (GSD, von Gierk’s disease

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10
Q

Sonographic appearance of adenomas

A

non specific echogenicity, 8-15cm, solid, solitary, central blood flow, cold nodule

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11
Q

Lipoma

A

very rare in the liver, asymptomatic, hyperechoic, similar appearance to hemangioma

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12
Q

What further imaging does a hemangioma require?

A

RBC scintigraphy

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13
Q

What is the treatment for adenoma?

A

surgery

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14
Q

how will the spleen appear with a neoplasm?

A

homogenous, hilum disrupted by vessels, inverted comma

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15
Q

What is the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen?

A

cavernous hemangioma

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16
Q

cavernous hemangioma

A

congenital, not common, asymptomatic, u/s not conclusive

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17
Q

sonographic appearance of cavernous hemangiomas

A

hyperechoic to complex with cystic degeneration

18
Q

hamartoma

A

rare, lymphoid tissue, homogenous, solid, echogenic

19
Q

Lymphangioma

A

rare, lymphatic malformation, variable appearance, multi loculated cystic mass

20
Q

adenomas of the GB

A

true neoplasm, have stocks, asymptomatic, hyperechoic, homogenous, <10mm, hypovascular

21
Q

cholesterolosis

A

accumulation of cholesterol in the gallbladder wall

22
Q

Types of cholesterolosis

A

cholesterosis (strawberry gallbladder), cholesterol polyps

23
Q

T/F: polyps can be differentiated with u/s

A

False: they cannot be differentiated

24
Q

adenomyomatosis

A

GB; exaggeration of the RA sinuses, hyperechoic foci on wall of gb, commet tail artifact, fundus

25
Q

What is the most common Islet cell tumor?

A

insulinoma

26
Q

What percentage of islet cell tumors are functioning?

A

85% are functioning, 15% are non-functioning

27
Q

Where is an insulinoma usually found?

A

Body or tail of the pancreas -benign

28
Q

Sonographic appearance of islet cell tumor?

A

encapsulated, solitary, hypoechoic, variable in size, further testing for malignancy

29
Q

Angiomyolipoma - AML

A 
cortex of the kidney
fat, muscles, blood vessels
females
asymptomatic
hyperechoic, unilateral, low flow
30
Q

What is angiomyolipoma associated with?

A

tuberous sclerosis (genetic seizures, form tumors in brain or other organs

31
Q

What can angiomyolipoma mimic?

A

renal cell carcinoma

32
Q

What is the difference between an adenoma and a oncocytoma?

A

Adenoma is <3cm
oncocytoma is >3cm
male>female, 6th - 7th decade

33
Q

What is the most common functioning of a adenoma in the kidney?

A

nonfunctioning - not producing hormones

34
Q

What can hyperfunction adenomas result in?

A

endocrine abnormalities:
Cushing’s syndrome -excess cortisol
Conn’s disease - excess aldosterone

35
Q

Myelolipoma

A

rare, may arise form zona fasciculata, non-functioning, asymptomatic
males=females
5th- 6th decade

36
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of myelolipoma?

A

hyperechoic (contains fat), <5cm, creates propagation speed artifact

37
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

hyperfunctioning tumor of the medulla
hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, sweating
40-50
rt>lt

38
Q

What is pheochromocytoma associated with?

A

tuberous sclerosis and MEN syndrome

39
Q

Sonographic appearance of pheochromocytoma?

A 
solid
unilateral
encapsulated
hypoechoic
homogenous
heterogenous
>2cm
40
Q

What is the most common tumor the abdomen wall?

A

Desmoid tumor

41
Q

Desmoid tumor

A 
arises from connective tissue
at surgical or laparoscopic site
postpartum association
females
20-40
hypoechoic, homogenous
42
Q

What tumor contains fat, mobile, soft on palpation, compressible and echogenic?

A

lipoma

Fall Term 2021 (5 decks)

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