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Fall Term 2021 > Cystic Structures > Flashcards

Cystic Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Congenital vs. Acquired cyst

A

Congenital: epithelial lining, developmental, multiple cysts in one organ
Acquired: no epithelial wall, age, infection (abscess), history, signs/symptoms

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2
Q

Does a complex cyst need follow up?

A

Yes to rule out malignancy

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3
Q

Describe a simple cyst.

A

Anechoic, strong back wall, posterior acoustic enhancement, oval/round

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4
Q

Describe a complex cyst.

A

Internal echoes, septations, calcifications, thick wall

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5
Q

What is the most common organ to find cysts in?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

Renal cortical cysts

A

Simple have increasing incidence with age, complex >1mm septations

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of poly cystic kidney disease?

A

Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive

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8
Q

What is the most common hereditary renal disorder?

A

ADPKD

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9
Q

ADPKD

A

40y/o, associated with cerebral berry aneurysms, liver, pancreas, splenic cysts

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10
Q

Presentation of ADPKD

A

Palpable, pain, hematuria, hypertension, UTI’s

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11
Q

Sonographic appearance of ADPKD

A

Renal enlargement (severe), multiple cysts bilaterally

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12
Q

What lab tests would be abnormal with ADPKD?

A

Creatinine, BUN

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13
Q

4 types of ARPKD?

A

Perinatal
Neonatal
Infantile
Juvenile

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14
Q

What are all cases of ARPKD associated with?

A

Congenital hepatic fibrosis

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15
Q

Sonographic appearance of ARPKD

A

Massively enlarged echogenic kidneys, loss of tissue differentiation, macroscopic cysts noted occasionally

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16
Q

Parapelvic Cysts

A

Cystic dilation of lymphatic vessels, located in renal sinus, mostly asymptomatic

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17
Q

Sonographic appearance of parapelvic cysts

A

Well defined, do not connect with collecting system

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18
Q

What is hydronephrosis sometimes mistaken as?

A

Parapelvic cysts. - differentiate by IVP or contrast CT

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19
Q

Medullary Sponge Kidneys

A

Dilated collecting tubules, 30-40 y/o, unknown etiology

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20
Q

Sonographic appearance of medullary sponge kidneys

A

Bilaterally echogenic pyramids, calcifications may be present localized to pyramids

21
Q

Medullary Cystic Diseases

A

Results of progressive renal tubular atrophy, genetic

22
Q

Sonographic appearance of medullary cystic diseases

A

Small echogenic kidneys with cysts at pyramids

23
Q

What is the most common renal cystic disease in children???

A

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys

24
Q

How do multicystic dysplastic kidneys form?

A

Obstruction of ureter in utero

25
Q

Sonographic appearance of multicystic dysplastic kidneys

A

Small, malformed, multiple non-communicating cysts, absence of normal architecture, unilateral

26
Q

What is another name for primary congenital cysts?

A

Epidermis cyst

27
Q

What does an primary congenital cyst affect?

A

Spleen

28
Q

Primary congenital cysts

A

Affect the spleen, echogenic cystic structure, internal echoes, asymptomatic, aka: epidermoid cysts

29
Q

What is Choledochal cysts associated with?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

30
Q

What is a choledochal cyst?

A

Fusiform dilation of CBD (tapers at ends)

31
Q

Sonographic appearance of choledochal cysts

A

Cystic structure, may contain sludge or stones, can be difficult to identify the connection to the bile duct

32
Q

Caroli’s disease

A

Rare, congenital, dilation of intrahepatic biliary tree, results in stains, stones, cholangitis and sepsis

33
Q

Sonographic appearance of caroli’s disease

A

Saccular or fusiform dilation of intraheptatic bile ducts, most often diffuse, dilated ducts contain stones and sludge

34
Q

What can increase the chances of having ARPKD and medullary sponge?

A

Having Caroli’s disease

35
Q

What does saccular mean?

A

Tube with bubble on top opposite to fusiform where there is a bulge and tapers on ends

36
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Genetic, excocrine dysfunction, increased echogenicity, atrophy, small cysts but uncommonly seen on u/s

37
Q

Inclusion cysts

A

Cysts in abdominal cavity - fluid produced by ovaries gets trapped over time in a cyst that encases the ovary

38
Q

Mesenteric cysts

A

Intra-abdominal mass, variable in size, simple or complex

39
Q

What cyst arises from the wall of the GI tract?

A

Duplication cyst

40
Q

Sonographic appearance of duplication cyst

A

Filled with anechoic fluid, well defined, double layered wall, mucosal layer is echogenic, muscle is hypoechoic

41
Q

What is the most common prostatic cyst?

A

Degenerative in transitional zone

42
Q

What cyst can be associated with infertility?

A

Congenital prostatic cyst

43
Q

What are the types of congenital prostatic cysts?

A

Utricle - unilateral renal agenesis, teardrop shape
Müllerian duct - no spermatozoa, tear drop shape
Ejaculatory duct- fusiform, infertility
Seminal vesicles - Ipsilateral renal agenesis

44
Q

What lab tests would be abnormal with liver cysts?

A

LFT, WBC

45
Q

Treatment

A

Aspiration, alcohol ablation, surgical removal, organ transplant

46
Q

What renal disease results from dilated collecting tubules?

A

Medullary sponge kidney

47
Q

Which renal cystic disease is of lymphatic origin?

A

Parapelvic cyst

48
Q

What will most likely have elevated serum creatinine levels?

A

ADPKD

Fall Term 2021 (5 decks)

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