Neoplasms-Benign Flashcards
What is a neoplasm?
Tumour/lesion, abnormal tissue growth, diffuse or focal, benign or malignant, distinct or ill-defined
Describe benign neoplasms.
Asymptomatic, well-defined, encapsulated, slow growing, no mets, hypo or avascular
What is the most common benign liver tumour?
Hemangioma
How do hemangiomas look on U/S?
small (<3cm), well defined, homogeneous and hyperechoic
What population (M or F) do hemangiomas affect more?
Females > males (5:1)
What is Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH)?
Hyperplastic (increase in cell number) lesion containing all elements of normal liver tissue.
What population (male or female) develops FNH and what causes this?
Females- due to hormones
What is another name for FNH and how does it look on U/S?
“Stealth lesion”
On U/S- subtle, less than 8cm, area of decreased echogenicity, central Doppler flow
What does it mean when the FNH is “hot” or “warm”?
Nuclear medicine exam called Sulphur Colloid scan looks for Kupffer cells (which perform phagocytosis) and because FNH has kupffer cells, it shows up “hot”.
What medication is linked to Adenomas?
Oral contraceptives
What other disease are adenomas related to? (SC)
Type 1 Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD, von Gieke’s disease).
Type 1 GSD is a genetic disorder (enzyme deficiency) causing them to store increased glycogen in the liver.
What can happen to adenomas?
They can hemorrhage or infarct causing severe pain.
Is FNH or are adenomas more common?
FNH
What is the U/S appearance of adenomas?
- Usually hyperechoic but variable
- 8 to 15 cm
- Solid, solitary and well encapsulated
- Doppler shows central area of colour
How do adenomas show on sulphur colloid scan- hot or cold?
Cold
