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USMLE Step 1 > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aflatoxins

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Leukemia/lymphoma

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3
Q

Aromatic amines

A

Ex. benzidines / 2 - naphthylamine.

Transitional cell carcinoma

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4
Q

Arsenic

A

Liver: angiosarcoma
Lung: lung cancer
Skin: SqCC

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5
Q

asbestos

A

bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma

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6
Q

carbon tetrachloride

A

centrilobular necrosis

fatty change

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7
Q

cigarette smoke

A

so many carcinomas, except breast!

  • pancreatic
  • transitional cell
  • cervical
  • SqCC/ADC of esophagus
  • renal cell
  • SqCC of larynx
  • SqCC of lung
  • small cell carcinoma of lung
  • pancreatic ADC
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8
Q

Ethanol

A

SqCC of the esophagus

HCC of liver

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9
Q

ionizing radiation

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

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10
Q

nitrosamines (smoked foods)

A

gastric cancer

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11
Q

radon

A

lung cancer

2nd leading cause after cigarrette smoke

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12
Q

vinyl chloride

A

angiosarcoma of the liver

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13
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Calcitriol (Vit D3) - hypercalcemia

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14
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by non-hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Calcitriol (Vit D3) - hypercalcemia

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15
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by Small cell lung carcinoma

A

ACTH - Cushing syndrome

ADH - SIADH

Ab to presyn. Ca++ channels at NMJ: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

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16
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by Renal cell carcinoma

A

ACTH - Cushing syndrome

erythropoietin - polycythemia

PTHrP - hypercalcemia

17
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by intracranial neoplasms

A

ADH - SIADH

18
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by breast cancer

A

PTHrP - hypercalcemia

19
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by squamous cell lung carcinoma?

A

PTHrP - hypercalcemia

20
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by hemangioblastoma

A

erythropoietin - polycythemia

21
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by HCC

A

erythropoietin - polycythemia

22
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by leiomyoma

A

erythropoietin - polycythemia

23
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome by pheochromocytoma

A

erythropoietin - polycythemia

24
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Meningioma
Malignant mesothelioma

(laminated concentric spherules with dystrophic calcification)

25
Q

Tumor marker Alkaline phosphatase?

A

Paget disease of bone
metz to bone or liver
seminoma (placental ALP)

26
Q

Tumor marker AFP (alpha fetoprotein)

A

HCC
hepatoblastoma
yolk sac (endodermal sinus)
mixed germ cell tumor

  • high levels assoc. with neural tube defects and abdominal wall defects
  • low levels assoc. with Down syndrome
27
Q

Tumor marker ßHCG

A

Hydratiform moles
choriocarcinomas
testicular cancer
mixed germ cell tumor

*produced by syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta

28
Q

Tumor marker CA 15-3/27-29

A

Breast cancer

29
Q

Tumor marker CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic ADC

30
Q

Tumor marker CA 125

A

Ovarian cancer

31
Q

Tumor marker Calcitonin

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

32
Q

Tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

A 
Nonspecific!
colorectal
pancreatic
gastric
breast
medullary thyroid
33
Q

Tumor marker chromogranin

A

Neuroendocrine tumor / carcinoid

34
Q

Tumor marker PSA

A

Prostate cancer
BPH
prostatitis

USMLE Step 1 (9 decks)

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