Neoplasms Flashcards
Where does epithelial originate
exterior and inferior body surfaces and glandular ducts
Epithelial:
name for benign
name for malignant
benign: papillomas or adenomas (glandular)
malignant: carcinomas
Where does non-epithelial originate?
CT, muscle, nervous tissue
non-epithelial:
name for benign
name for malignant
benign: name of tissue cell origin - oma
malignant: sarcoma
What is cancer in blood and bone marrow called
leukemias and myelodysplasias
cancer in plasma cells of bone marrow
multiple myeloma
Cancer in lymphocytes (T&B cells) in lymph nodes and vessels
What are the common ones and the difference between them?
lymphoma
non-hodgkin (more common)
hodgkin (reed-sternberg cells)
Explain the cell cycle
G0 - resting, halt proliferation
G1 - cell grows, makes mRNA and protein needed for DNA synthesis
S - DNA synthesis (replication
G2 - pre mitosis, synthesis of cellular structures
M - mitosis
What is Tumor suppressor and is active in what cell cycle phase?
G1 before S
glow the growth
What is DNA repair and is active in what cell cycle phase?
G2 before mitosis
fix damages DNA (BRCA)
What does proto-oncogene do and what happens when its mutated
cell growth and division
uncontrolled growth (HER2)
What are the stages of tumor development
mutation, hyperplasia, dysplasia, in situ, invasive
__: increased number of cells, look normal but growing faster
hyperplasia
__: presence of abnormal cells, increased risk of developing cancer
dysplasia
__: alteration in the epithelium (carcinoma) may become cancer, hasnt penetrated the basal membrane
in situ
__: enveloped basal membrane, penetrated lymphatic system
invasive
What are the common sites of metastasis of breast cancer
bone, brain, liver, lung
What are the common sites of metastasis of lung cancer
adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung
Induction vs adjuvant vs neoadjuvant
induction - first line
adjuvant - follows primary treatment
neoadjuvant - prior to treatment to shrink tumor
