Neoplasia of Bone Tissues Preface Flashcards
Neoplasia may have a genetic factor including mutation in genes contributing to unregulated cell division:
- Oncogenes
- Tumor suppressor genes
- Anti-apoptotic/pro-apoptotic genes
Which bone pathologies are risk factors for neoplasia?
- Pagets
- Chronic infection
- Fibrous dysplasia
- Some benign tumors
What are some risk factors for neoplasia?
- Certain pathologies
- Chemotherapy/radiation therapy
Genes that produce proteins which regulate cellular replication by slowing proliferation are called ___
tumor suppressor genes
Primary bone tumors originate in ___
a bone tissue cell line
Which cell lines are included in bone tissue cell lines?
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Fibroblast
- Blood cells/vessels
- Marrow
The majority of primary bone tumors occur in ___ or ___
distal femur or proximal tibia
Which bone tumors are metastatic?
Secondary bone tumors
Secondary bone tumors originate in ___
another tissue and spread to bone
What are the metastatic routes of spread?
- Hematogenous
- Lymphatic
- Direct extension
What are the border/margins for benign bone tumors?
Malignant bone tumors?
Well-defined for benign
Ill-defined for malignant
What is the rate of growth for benign bone tumors?
Malignant bone tumors?
Slow for benign
Rapid/aggressive for malignant
What is the cellular function of benign bone tumors?
Malignant bone tumors?
Non cancerous growths for benign, mostly normal cellular functions
Abnormal or disrupted cellular function for malignant
Are benign bone tumors painful?
Usually not associated with pain
Are malignant tumors painful?
Usually associated with pain possibly with insidious onset
Do benign bone tumors metastasize?
Do malignant bone tumors?
Benign do not
Malignant can
What are the lab findings for a benign bone tumor?
Normal lab findings
How does a benign bone tumor appear radiographically?
Non-aggressive:
- No soft tissue involvement
- Cortex intact
- Periosteum unaffected
- Short/narrow zone of transition (well defined boundary)
Which type of bone tumor is possibly associated with other cardinal signs of inlammation?
Malignant bone tumors
What are the lab findings for a malignant bone tumor?
Abnormal lab findings:
- Elevated ESR
- Elevated C-reactive protein
- Anemia
- Abnormal WBC counts
How does a malignant bone tumor appear radiographically?
Aggressive:
- Soft tissue involvement
- Cortex disruption
- Periosteal disruption, lifting, etc.
- Long/wide zone of transition (poorly defined boundary)
What are some methods of diagnosis for bone tumors?
- Presence of pathological fracture
- Radiographic evidence
- Other imaging
- Tissue biopsy
By what characteristic are tumors classified?
Cell-line or matrix they produce
The prefix of a tumor name indicates ___
The suffix indicates ___
prefix = tissue of origin
suffix = benign or malignant (-oma or -sarcoma)
According to nomenclature rules, what is the meaning of chondroma?
Benign tumor of cartilage cells
A patient with a ___ primary bone tumor will frequently present with pain and possibly swelling
malignant
True or False:
An individual with a malignant neoplasia may have an elevated ESR
True
Which benign bone tumors are bone forming?
- Osteoma
- Osteoid osteoma
- Osteoblastoma
Which benign bone tumors are cartilage forming?
- Osteochondroma
- Chondroma
- Chondroblastoma
Which benign bone tumors are of unknown origin?
Giant cell tumors
