Neoplasia I #5 (1/25/16)

Question 1

What is Neoplasia?

Answer 1

“New Growth” = loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls.
*Sometimes benign, sometimes Malignant (Cancer)

Question 2

What is a parenchyma?

What is a stroma?

Answer 2

Parenchyma = Neoplastic cells
Stroma = Supporting CT and blood vessels

Question 3

What is a Hamartoma?

Answer 3

Proliferation of tissue normally found at site.

Question 4

What is an Choristoma?

Answer 4

Collection of tissue not normally found in that anatomic site.

Question 5

What is a Teratoma?

Answer 5

Neoplasm derived from more than one germ layer, behavior ranges from begin to aggressive.

Question 6

What are Malignancies?

Answer 6

Similar to benign nomenclature, with certain exceptions.

• Mesenchymal malignancies are termed “sarcoma”
• Epithelial malignancies are termed carcinoma (Squamous ell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma

Question 7

What is a lymphoma?

Answer 7

Malignancy of lymphoid tissue

Question 8

What is Melanoma?

Answer 8

Malignancy of Melanocytes

Question 9

What is Seminoma?

Answer 9

Testicular Malignancy

Question 10

What is Mesothelioma?

Answer 10

Pleural Malignancy

Question 11

How do you discern between benign and malignant?

Answer 11

• Differentiation
• Rate of growth
• Local Invasion
• Metastasis

Question 12

Tell me about Differentiation…

Answer 12

Differentiation refers to how well the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm resemble their normal tissue of origin.

• Benign tumors almost always closely resemble normal tissue microscopically.
• Mitoses are usually scarce and normal in appearance.

Question 13

T or F, Malignant tumors may have a wide range of Differentiation.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Poorly differentiated malignancies are termed ______.

Answer 14

Anaplastic (High grade)

Question 15

T or F, Well differentiated malignancies resemble normal tissue to a large extent.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

_____ is the most extreme disturbance in cell growth and differentiation.

Answer 16

Anaplasia 
Features:
- Pleomorphism
- Nuclear hyperchromatism and vacation in nuclear size and shape.
- numerous and atypical mitoses

Question 17

What is Dysplasia?

Answer 17

Disorderly, but non-neoplastic growth or proliferation.

• Usually refers to epithelial process of maturation.
• Cellular Atypia and architectural changes ranging from mild to carcinoma-in-stu.
• Potential to become invasive carcinoma

Question 18

T or F, Malignacies are often well differentiated and more likely to retain function compared to Benign tumors.

Answer 18

False, Benign tumors are more likely to be well differentiated and retain function.

Question 19

T or F, Malignancies may produce proteins that are function but unrelated to the tissue type of the tumor.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Benign tumors usually grow ______.

Answer 20

Slowly

Question 21

Well differentiated malignancies usually grow ____ while poorly differentiated malignancies tend to grow _____.

Answer 21

Slowly

Rapidly

Question 22

What happens if a tumor outgrows its blood supply?

Answer 22

Areas of Ischemic necrosis occur.

Question 23

What is Local Invasion?

Answer 23

Benign Neoplasms tend to remain localized-slow growth usually results in formation of a compressed layer of connective tissue enclosing the tumor.
*Most, but not all benign tumors have a fibrous capsule.

Question 24

Do malignancies have well defined capsules?

Answer 24

Nope

Question 25

How do malignancies grow?

Answer 25

by invasion, infiltration and destruction of surrounding tissue.

Question 26

_____ is the most reliable feature for distinguishing malignant from benign tumors.

Answer 26

Local invasiveness