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Cancer Chemotherapy > Neoplasia General Principles > Flashcards

Neoplasia General Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Liver cells

A

Hepatic adenoma
-well differentiated

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2
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Squamous epithelium

A

Papilloma
-well differentiated

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3
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Uroepithelium (bladder)

A

Transitional cell papilloma
-well differentiated

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4
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Glandular tissue

A

Adenoma
-well differentiated

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5
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Renal epithelium

A

Renal tubular adenoma
-well differentiated

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6
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Fibroblast-like cells

A

Fibroma
-well differentiated

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7
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Adipocytes

A

Lipoma
-well differentiated

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8
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Cartilaginous tissue

A

Chondroma
-well differentiated

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9
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Osteoblasts

A

Osteoblastoma
-well differentiated

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10
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Blood vessels

A

Hemangioma
-well differentiated

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11
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphangioma
-well differentiated

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12
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Striated muscles

A

Rhabdomyoma
-well differentiated

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13
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Smooth muscles

A

Leiomyoma
-well differentiated

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14
Q

Benign tumor (-oma): Meninges

A

Meningioma
-well differentiated

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15
Q

What type of tumors metastasize?

A

Malignant tumors

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16
Q

Malignant tumor (-oma): Liver

A

Hepatoma

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17
Q

Malignant tumor (-oma): Melanocytes

A

Melanoma

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18
Q

Malignant tumor (-oma): Mesothelial cells

A

Mesothelioma

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19
Q

Malignant tumor (-oma): Testis

A

Seminoma

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20
Q

Glandular polyp is known as

A

Adenomatous polyp

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21
Q

Malignant tumors carcinomas are Ectoderm or mesoderm (connective) or endoderm?

A

Ectoderm or endoderm

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22
Q

Malignant tumors sarcomas are Ectoderm or mesoderm (connective) or endoderm?

A

Mesoderm (connective tissue)

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23
Q

Malignant tumor (carcinoma): Squamous epithelium

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
- Keratin pearls
- Well differentiated carcinoma

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24
Q

Malignant tumor (carcinoma): Urinary tract

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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25
Q

Malignant tumor (carcinoma): Glandular/ mucosal epithelium

A

Adenocarcinoma
-glands

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26
Q

Malignant tumor (carcinoma): Renal epithelium

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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27
Q

Malignant tumor (carcinoma): Liver cells

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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28
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Fibroblast-like cells

A

Fibrosarcoma

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29
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Adipocytes

A

Liposarcoma

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30
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Chondrocytes

A

Chondrosarcoma

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31
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Osteoblast

A

Osteosarcoma

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32
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Blood vessels

A

Hemangiosarcoma

33
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Lymph vessels

A

Lymphangiosarcoma

34
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Striated muscle

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

35
Q

Malignant tumor (Sarcoma): Smooth muscle

A

Leiomyosarcoma

36
Q

Another name for Ovarian cystic teratoma

A

Dermoid cyst

37
Q

Neoplasia that lack differentiation of normal parenchymal cells

A

Anaplasia
-Atypical mitotic figures (abnormal dividing cells)
-loss of polarity (disorganized fashion)
-Necrosis (due to insufficient vascular stroma)

38
Q

Neoplasia that is well differentiated (resembles) to normal parenchymal cells

A

Benign neoplasm

39
Q

Neoplasia that is poorly differentiated (slightly resembles) of normal parenchymal cells

A

Malignant neoplasm
- Pleomorphism (variation in cell size and shape)

40
Q

Tumor-like mass consisting of normal cells in an abnormal location (heterotopic/ectopic) is called _____________________________

A

Choristoma

41
Q

Benign mass composed of mature cells (with abnormal tissue organization) native to the tissue of origin (home) is called
______________________________

A

Hamartoma
e.g: Cortical hamartoma (tuberous sclerosis)

42
Q

Due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Adaptation to chronic injury. Normal stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by glandular intestinal epithelium (with goblet cells)

A

Barret’s esophagus (Metaplasia)

43
Q

Due to chronic smoking. Normal pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells

A

Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium in Chronic smokers

44
Q

Metastasis of Ovarian carcinoma, appendiceal mucinous tumors are spread via which route ?

A

Direct seeding of body cavities/ surfaces metastasis

45
Q

Peritoneal metastases of tumor of appendix, ovarian cancer

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (Direct seeding metastasis)

46
Q

Carcinomas spread via the blood.
“Four Carcinomas Route Hematogenously”

A

Follicular thyroid carcinoma, Choriocarcinoma, Renal cell carcinoma, and Hepatocellular carcinoma

47
Q

In lymphatic spread, what do you call the first lymph node to receive lymph flow from the metastasizing tumor?

A

Sentinel Lymph node

48
Q

Where is the commonest site of metastatic disease for a patient with colorectal cancer?

A

Liver. All portal areas drainage flows to the liver. (Hematogenous spread/ metastasis through the blood)

49
Q

Cancers near the vertebral column (thyroid and prostate cancer) often spreads through _____________________

A

Paravertebral venous plexus (Hematogenous spread/ metastasis through the blood)

50
Q

All Caval blood flows to________

A

the lungs

51
Q

The sentinel lymph node of the metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast is __________________

A

Axillary lymph node

52
Q

Site: Fat
Benign (oma) tumor

A

Lipoma

53
Q

Site: Fat
Malignant (sarcoma) tumor

A

Liposarcoma

54
Q

Site: Bone
Benign (oma) tumor

A

Osteoma

55
Q

Site: Bone
Malignant (sarcoma)

A

Osteosarcoma

56
Q

Site: Fibrous tissue
Benign (oma)

A

Fibroma

57
Q

Site: Fibrous tissue
Malignant (sarcoma)

A

Fibrosarcoma

58
Q

Site: Blood vessel
Benign (oma)

A

Hemangioma

59
Q

Site: Blood vessel
Malignant (sarcoma)

A

Angiosarcoma

60
Q

Site: Uterine smooth muscle
Benign (oma)

A

Leiomyoma

61
Q

Site: Uterine smooth muscle
Malignant (sarcoma)

A

Leiomyosarcoma

62
Q

Exposure to Benzene causes what type of cancer?

A

Acute Myeloid leukemia

63
Q

Exposure to Vinyl chloride (PVC pipes) causes what type of cancer?

A

Hepatic Angiosarcoma

64
Q

Exposure to Asbestos (moldy rice/grains) causes what type of cancer?

A

Lung cancer; Mesothelioma

65
Q

Exposure to Arsenic causes what type of cancer?

A

Skin cancer

66
Q

Exposure to Aflatoxin (Aspergillus) causes what type of cancer?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

67
Q

Mutation of BRAF gene causes which malignancies?

A

Melanoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Hairy cell leukemia

68
Q

Knudson (Two hit) hypothesis

A

Two mutations (hits):
1 hit is inherited
1 hit is somatic
Both copies of Rb must be knocked out for there to be tumor formation

69
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose carcinomas?

A

Cytokeratin (found in epithelial cells)

70
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose sarcomas?

A

Vimentin (found in mesenchymal cells)

71
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose Rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Desmin (found in muscle cells)

72
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose uterine leiomyoma?

A

Desmin (found in muscle cells)

73
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose Pheochromocytoma?

A

Neurofilament (found in neurons and neural crest derivatives)

74
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose Neuroblastoma?

A

Neurofilament (found in neurons and neural crest derivatives)

75
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose Astrocytoma?

A

Glial fibrillary Acid Protein; GFAP (Found in glial cells)

76
Q

What is the intermediate filament used to diagnose Ependymoma?

A

Glial fibrillary Acid Protein; GFAP (Found in glial cells)

77
Q

________ would help in the attachment of tumor cells to ECM, which allows malignant cells to destroy the basement membrane

A

Laminin

78
Q

_______________________ breaks down the collagen synthesis in the extracellular membrane, which breaks down the basement membrane

A

Matrix Metalloproteinase

Cancer Chemotherapy (6 decks)

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