Cancer Chemotherapy

Question 1

Which 2 proteins help regulate the G1 to S transition checkpoint?

Answer 1

Rb and p53 modulate the G1 restriction point

Question 2

Which 2 classes of cancer drugs act independently of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

Platinum agents (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin);

Alkylating agents (Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Carmustine, Lomustine)

Question 3

Which calss of cancer drugs acts on both stage S and stage G2 of the cells cycle?

Answer 3

Topoisomerase inhibitors:

Topoisomerase I inhibitors (Etoposide, Teniposide)

Topoisomerase II inhibitors (Irinotecan, Topotecan)

Question 4

which class of cancer drugs acts only on stage S of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

Antimetabolites (Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, 6- Mercaptopurine, Thioguanine) except Cladribine

Question 5

Which cancer drug acts on stage G2 and stage M of the cell cycle?

Answer 5

Bleomycin

Question 6

Which class of cancer drugs acts only on stage M of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

Microtubule inhibitors: Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine); Taxanes (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel)

Question 7

Which 2 antineoplastic agents interfere with nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting thymidine synthesis?

Answer 7

Methotrexate: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU): inhibits thymidylate synthase

Question 8

Which 2 classes of antineoplastics interfere with DNA structure by cross-linking DNA strands?

Answer 8

Alkylating agents: Cyclophosphamide, Mechlorethamine, Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, Carmustine, Lomustine, Temozolomide, Busulfan

Platinum agents: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin

Question 9

Which antineoplastic interferes with DNA structure by causing DNA strand breakage?

Answer 9

Bleomycin: CCNS drug, antitumor antibiotic, acts in G2 phase

Question 10

Which antitumor antibiotics interfere with DNA structure by intercalating DNA strands??

Answer 10

Anthracyclines:
Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Mitoxantrone

inhibit topoisomerase II
Generate free radicals
Intercalate between DNA base pairs

Question 11

Which 2 antineoplastics interfere with DNA structure by inhibiting topoisomerase II?

Answer 11

Podophyllotoxins: Etoposide, Teniposide

Question 12

Alkylating agent: Drug that covalently binds to DNA, forming cross-linking between strands, which ultimately disrupts (inhibits) DNA replication, synthesis, function.

Treat: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, neuroblastoma

Answer 12

Cyclophosphamide

Acute toxicities: Nausea, vomiting

Chronic toxicities: Myelosuppression, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 13

Anthracycline antibiotic that induces oxygen free radical formation that lead to DNA damage.
Inhibits topoisomerase II.

Treat: Lymphomas myelomas, sarcomas, breast/lung/ovarian/thyroid cancers

Answer 13

Doxorubicin

Acute toxicities: Nausea, arrhythmias

Chronic toxicities:
Alopecia, myelosuppression, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis (with bleomycin)

Question 14

Vinca alkaloid: Inhibits microtubule formation, resulting in impaired mitosis.

Treats: acute lymphocytic leukemia, hodgkin’s & non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, wilm’s tumor, neuroblastoma

Answer 14

Vincristine

Chronic toxicities: Neurotoxicity with peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus, myelosuppression, alopecia, inappropriate ADH secretion

Question 15

Antimetabolite: Inhibits dihydrofolate, which inhibits folate-dependent protein metabolism; also inhibits the synthesis of thymidylate, purine, nucleotides, serine, methionine

Treats: breast cancer, head and neck cancer, primary CNS lymphoma, bladder cancer, choriocarcinoma

Answer 15

Methotrexate

Acute toxicities: mucositis, diarrhea

Chronic toxicities: myelosuppression