Neoplasia 4

Question 0

What is the Ann Arbor classification used to stage?

Answer 0

Lymphoma

Question 1

Describe TNM staging

Answer 1

Tumour - size of primary tumour (T1-T4)
Node - extent of regional node metastases (N0-N2)
Metastases - extent of distant metastatic spread (M0-M1)
–> early local, advanced local, regional metastasis, advanced distant metastasis

Question 2

Describe Duke’s staging

Answer 2

Staging for colorectal cancer
A - invasion into but not through bowel wall
B - invasion through bowel wall
C - involvement of lymph nodes
D - distant metastases

Question 3

Differentiate between tumour stage and tumour grade

Answer 3

Tumour stage - how much of the tumour there is

Tumour grade - degree of differentiation

Question 4

What is the Bloom Richardson scale used to stage?

Answer 4

Breast cancer

Question 5

Differentiate between adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment

Answer 5

Adjuvant - given after surgical removal of a primary tumour to eliminate us clinical disease
Neoadjuvant - given to reduce the size of a primary tumour prior to surgical excision