Neoplasia 3

Question 0

Name some classes of mutagenic chemical carcinogens

Answer 0

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, N-nitroso, alkylating agents, aflatoxin, asbestos

Question 1

Describe the multi factorial nature of neoplasia pathogenesis

Answer 1

Intrinsic - age, sex, heredity

Extrinsic - environment, lifestyle

Question 2

Describe the multi step journey of invasion and metastasis

Answer 2

1. Grow and invade at primary site
2. Enter a transport system and lodge at a secondary site
3. Grow at the secondary site to form a new tumour

Question 3

What is an initiator and a promoter

Answer 3

Initiator - mutagenic agent

Promoter - cause cell proliferation

Question 4

What factors cause tumour dormancy?

Answer 4

Hostile secondary site
Reduced angiogenesis
Immune attack

Question 5

What are the five leading behavioural and dietary risks of cancer deaths

Answer 5

High BMI
Low fruit and vegetable intake
Lack of physical activity
Smoking
Alcohol

Question 6

What are oncogenes and proto oncogenes?

Answer 6

Oncogenes - abnormally activated versions of proto oncogenes, enhance neoplastic growth
Proto oncogenes - normal genes

Question 7

List the hallmarks of cancer

Answer 7

Self sufficiency in growth signals
Resistance to growth stop signals
No limit on the number of times a cell can divide (immortalisation)
Sustained ability to induce new blood vessels (angiogenesis)
Resistance to apoptosis
Ability to invade and produce metastases