Neoplasia

Question 2

name the four characteristics of neoplasia

Answer 2

an abnoraml mass of tisue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tisues and persistes in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli hich evoked the change. it is also irreversible.

Question 3

Name 5 neoplastic phenotypes

Answer 3

1.Loss of response to normal growth control mechanisms
2.Continued proliferation even without a recognizable stimulus
3.Loss of differentiation
4.Aberrant differentiation function
5.Expression of ‘embryonal’ characteristics

3, 4, 5 (especially for malignant neoplasm)

Question 4

two main forms of neoplasm

Answer 4

benign and malignant

Question 5

with what abilities could a malignant neoplasm take over and grow anywhere in the body an destroy the host?

Answer 5

the ability for invasion and metastasis

Question 6

difference between neoplasia and hyperplasia/ hypertrophy

Answer 6

neoplasia: uncoordinated, irreversible
hypertrophy/ hyperplasia: coordinated, reversible

Question 7

examples of hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Answer 7

hypertrophy: hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in response to exercise
hyperplasia: uterine smooth muscle in response to pregnancy

Question 9

Compare and contrast a benign and malignant neoplasm? (which aspects can be compared?)

Answer 9

1) Mode of growth
Benign: expansive, limited by basement membrane

Malignant: Infiltrative and expansive, invades beyond basement membrane

2)Gross appearance:
Benign: circumscribed, encapsulated
Malignant: poorly defined margins

3) Growth rate
Benign: slow and may cease
Malignant: Fast, commonly outgrows blood supply (causing irregular necrosis)

Question 10

Compare and contrast microscopic appearance of benign and malignant neoplasms (for diagnosis)?

Answer 10

Benign: Well differentiated, resembles tissue of origin
Malignant: varying degree of differentiation

Benign: low nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
Malignant: High nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio

Benign: Cell regularly shaped
Malignant: Cellular pleomorphism (different variations in nuclear and cellular size, shape)

Benign: normochromatic nuclei
Malignant: hyperchromatic nuclei (dark, irregularly shaped)

Benign: absent/scanty mitosis
Malignant: Increased/abnormal mitosis (tripolar/multipolar spindles)

Benign: Mild architectural disturbance, maintained polarity
Malignant: Severe architectural disturbance, loss of polarity