Neonatology

Question 1

most common cause of hypoglycemia in the first 3 months of life.

Answer 1

Hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI),

Question 2

Insensible water losses in Very immature preterm infants (<1kg)

Answer 2

2-3 mL/kg/hr, partly because of immature skin, lack of subcutaneous tissue, and a large exposed surface area.

Question 3

Insensible water losses in Larger premature infants (2-2.5kg)

Answer 3

0.6-0.7 mL/kg/hr

Question 4

How does Nitric oxide work

Answer 4

upregulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)

Inhaled nitric oxide is a selective pulmonary vasodilator. It works throughguanylyl cyclase activation - leading to the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and subsequent smooth muscle relaxation.

Nitric oxide is endothelial derived relaxing factor. It is produced in the endothelium of blood vessels and diffuses out of the cells. It then enters vascular smooth muscle cells and activates guanalate cyclase which forms cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)(asmooth muscle relaxant).

Nitric oxideis bound to haemoglobin and inactivated instantly in the bloodto nitosylhaemoglobins and methaemoglobin. The half life of NO is 3-6 seconds.