Neonatology 2 Flashcards
Name 2 risk factors for developing neonatal pneumonia. (2)
Low birthweight, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis.
Name 2 risk factors for milk aspiration. (2)
Cleft palate, preterm infant, RDS, neurological damage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (assd with GORD)
What position is a diaphragmatic hernia most likely to occur? (2)
What is most likely to herniate through? (1)
Left sided through the posterolateral foramen**
Small and large bowel and solid organs
(Right sided - only liver and large bowel)
What is the most common complication associated with diaphragmatic hernia? (1)
Pulmonary hypoplasia
What time frame is early-onset and late-onset sepsis in a neonate? (1)
Early 48 hours after birth
How does early-onset sepsis occur? (3)
Bacteria have ascended birth canal and infected amniotic fluid, fetus develops pneumonia and secondary sepsis as lungs are in direct contact with amniotic fluid.
Give 3 risk factors for developing hypoglycaemia in a neonate. (3)
IUGR, preterm, GDM, large for dates, hypothermic, polycythaemic or ill for any reason.
IUGR and preterm infants have insufficient glycogen stores whereas GDM infants have hyperplasia of the islet cells.
Name 3 symptoms of hypoglycaemia. (3)
How can it be prevented? (1)
Jitteriness, irritability, lethary. drowsiness, apnoea and seizures.
Early and frequent feeding.
What is bile stained vomiting a typical sign of? (1)
Intestinal obstruction until proven otherwise.
What is the difference between gastroschiasis and omphalocoele (exomphalos)? (2)
Why are neonates with gastroschiasis wrapped in clingfilm at birth? (1)
Exomphalos - abdominal contents protrude through the umbilical ring in a sac.
Gastroschiasis - abdo contents protrude through a defect in the abdominal wall without a covering - they need wrapping in clingfilm as they are at risk of dehydration and protein loss.
