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PAEDIATRICS > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal examination

First step after consent

A

wash hands and dry them

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2
Q

Neonatal examination

What should be done if the baby is quiet

A

auscultate the heart first

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3
Q

Neonatal examination

Signs to look about the baby’s skin color

A
  • Pink
  • Deep redness or purple color
  • Acrocyanosis
  • Pallor
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4
Q

Neonatal examination

signs to look for the appearance of skin

A
  • Vernix
  • Lanugo hair
  • Nails
  • Pustular melanosis
  • Milia
  • Oral thrush
  • nappy rash
  • amoniacal dermatitis
  • Erythema toxicum
  • Mongolian blue spots
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • Hemangioma
    *
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5
Q

Neonatal examination

Fontanelle features

A
  • wide
  • Bulging
  • Closed
  • Sunken
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6
Q

Neonatal examination

Fontanelle is also known as

A
  • Soft spot
  • Thel wala
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7
Q

Neonatal examination

Reason for wide fontanelle

A
  • Sutures seperating due to increased ICP
  • Bone not formed- rickets
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8
Q

Neonatal examination

normal size of fontanelle

A

2 fingerbreaths

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9
Q

Neonatal examination

Purpose of fontanelle

A

to allow room for the brain to grow

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10
Q

Neonatal examination

Reason for bulging fontanelle

A

Increased ICP( meningitis, Bleeding)

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11
Q

Neonatal examination

Reason for sunken fontanelle

A

Dehydrated - Reduced breastfeeding

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12
Q

Neonatal examination

Features to look for in the head

A
  • Occipitofrontal circumference
  • Fontanelle size
  • Sutures- overriding, widely seperated
  • Craniotabes
  • Cephalhematoma
  • Caput succedaneum
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13
Q

Neonatal examination

Cephalhematoma

A

Bleeding under the periosteum on the parietal bones

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14
Q

Neonatal examination

Caput succedaneum

A

Ecchymotic, edematous swelling of soft tissues

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15
Q

Neonatal examination

Difference between cephalhematoma and caput succedaneum

A

cephalhematoma does not cross the midline and caput cross the midline

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16
Q

Neonatal examination

Causes of the large anterior fontanelle

A
  • congenital hypothyroidism
  • Hydrocephalus
17
Q

Neonatal examination

Reasons for a small anterior fontanelle

A
  • Microcephaly
  • Craniosynostosis
18
Q

Neonatal examination

Features of face

A
  • Dysmorphic features- epicanthic folds, microophthalmia, low set ears
  • Eyes- Jaundice, Eye discharges, conjunctival/ retinal hemorrhages, red reflex, leukorrhea
  • SIgns of facial nerve palsy
19
Q

Neonatal examination

Leukorrhea causes

A
  • cataracts
  • Tumors- retinoblastoma
  • Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
20
Q

Neonatal examination

Ear

A
  • Deformities
  • Pre- auricular skin tags
21
Q

Neonatal examination

Mouth

A
  • Precocious dentition
  • Cleft lip/ palate
22
Q

Neonatal examination

Precocious dentition

A
  • feeding difficulties
  • risk of aspiration
23
Q

Neonatal examination

Chest

A
  • Breast- hypertrophy, mastitis neonatorum, super numerary nipples
  • Deformities- pectus excavatum, carinatum
  • breathing pattern
  • dyspnea, grunting
  • Heart- location, HR, peripheral pulses
24
Q

Neonatal examination

Risk of super numerary nipples

A

more than 2 nipples- can cause CA

25
Q

Neonatal examination

ABD features

A
  • Abd distension
  • Scaphoid abdomen
  • palpable liver
  • unusual masses
26
Q

Neonatal examination

Umbilicus

A
  • Umbilical sepsis
  • Omphalocele
  • Gastrochiasis
  • Umbilical hernia
27
Q

Neonatal examination

Exstrophy

A
  • Bladder
  • cloaca
28
Q

Neonatal examination

Groin

A
  • femoral pulses- CoA
  • Hip- CDH
29
Q

Neonatal examination

Genitalia

A
  • Non- purulent discharge
  • Ambiguous genitalia
  • Undescended testes
  • Hypospadias
  • Epispadias
  • Hydrocele
  • Imperforated anus
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Withdrawal bleeding from vagina
  • Hyperpigmented scrotum
30
Q

Neonatal examination

Limbs

A
  • Polydactyly
  • Syndactyly
  • Talipes equino varus
  • Erb’s palsy
31
Q

Neonatal examination

Erb’s palsy

A

palms turned backwards

32
Q

Neonatal examination

Spine

A
  • Kyphoscoliosis
  • Tuft of hair
  • Meningomyelocele
33
Q

Neonatal examination

Maneuvers done to check hip joint

A
  • Ortolani
  • Barlow
34
Q
A

PAEDIATRICS (15 decks)

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