neonatology

Question 1

what are the spectrum of congenital anomalies that occur in association with amniotic bands

Answer 1

Craniofacial abnormalities — eg, encephalocele, exencephaly, clefts, which are often in unusual locations; anencephaly.
Body wall defects (especially if not in the midline), abdominal or thoracic contents may herniate through a body wall defect and into the amniotic cavity.
Limb defects — multiple constriction rings, amputation, syndactyly, clubfoot, hand deformities, lymphedema distal to a constriction ring.
Visceral defects — eg, lung hypoplasia.
Other — Autotransplanted tissue on skin tags, spinal defects, scoliosis, ambiguous genitalia, short umbilical cord due to restricted motion of the fetus

Question 2

nephrogenesis

Answer 2

32-36 weeks of age