Neonatal/Reproductive Emergencies

Question 1

Define dystocia

Answer 1

The inability to expel foetus through the birth canal

Question 2

What is the normal foetal HR, what other rates should be noted

Answer 2

Normal: 220 bpm
<180 suggest stress/hypoxia
<160 requires immediate surgery

Question 3

List some indications of intervention of pregnant dog

Answer 3

• Haemhorrage
• Prolonged gestation
• Previous history of dystocia
• Foetal membranes protruding
• Foul smell from vulva

Question 4

What are some medical managements of dystocia? and what do they do?

Answer 4

• Oxytocin (1-2 IU/kg bitch, 2-4 IU/kg queen) increases the frequency of contractions which can be given in 30 min intervals
• Calcium gluconate (over 5 mins) increases strength of contractions

Question 5

What kind of pre med should be given to a c section?

Answer 5

Opioids - usually bupivacaine followed by induction with propofol or alphaxalone

Question 6

What is the disadvantage of using a lidocaine/bupivacaine block for a c section?

Answer 6

It can cause intraoperative hypotension

Question 7

What can an epidural opioid cause?

Answer 7

Urinary retension

Question 8

Which drug should not be used in neonates?

Answer 8

Atropine

Question 9

What is the normal HR, RR and temperature for neonates?

Answer 9

HR 220
RR 10-18
Temp 35-37.2

Question 10

What is mastitis caused by? what are the symptoms?

Answer 10

E.coli, streptococcus, staphylococci

pyrexia, lethargy, inappetance

Question 11

What is eclampsia? CS, and tx?

Answer 11

Hypocalcaemia
Restless, panting, salivation
Tx with 10% Ca gluconate slow IV - too fast can cause cardiac depression

Question 12

What body temperature should neonates be before feeding?

Answer 12

35.6

Question 13

How can dehydration be corrected in neonates?

Answer 13

With isotonic fluids orally if suckle present, IV or IO (optimal)

Question 14

What is the max blood vol that can be taken from a neonate in 24 hours

Answer 14

BW (g) / 150