Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

y4 child health > Neonatal Jaundice > Flashcards

Neonatal Jaundice Flashcards

1
Q

What is neonatal jaundice?

A

Yellow skin + sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basic cause of neonatal jaundice?

A

Bilirubin accum in skin + mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is bilirubin formed?

A

When Hb broken down into Unconjugated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is bilirubin conjugated?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is Conjugated bilirubin excreted? (2 things)

A
  1. Via Biliary system –> GI tract
  2. Via Urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What % of infants get jaundice?

A

60% term infants

80% preterm infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of hyperbilirubinaemia causes of neonatal jaundice? (2 things)

A
  1. Unconjugated (physiological / pathological)
  2. Conjugated (always pathological)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of Physiological Jaundice? (2 things)

A
  1. High Foetal Hb concentration of neonate
  2. Immature liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does High Foetal Hb conc of neonate cause Physiological jaundice? (3 things)

A
  1. Neonate has high Foetal Hb conc (to maximise O2 exchange while it was in uterus)
  2. Foetal Hb = more fragile –> breaks down quickly
  3. Foetal Bilirubin usually excreted via Placenta –> No more placenta at birth = normal rise in Bilirubin levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does immature liver cause Physiological jaundice?

A

Less developed liver not able to conjugate high bilirubin concentrations yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do babies with Physiological jaundice present? (2 things)

A
  1. Mild yellowing of skin + sclera from day 2-7
  2. Baby otherwise healthy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When does Physiological jaundice usually completely resolve by?

A

Day 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is jaundice abnormal? (3 things)

A
  1. Starts within 24 hours of birth
  2. Lasts more than 14 days in full term baby
  3. Lasts more than 21 days in preterm baby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 types of causes of Pathological Jaundice?

A
  1. Increased Bilirubin prod
  2. Decreased Bilirubin clearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the causes of Increased Bilirubin production? (5 things)

A
  1. Haemolytic disease (rhesus / ABO incompatibility)
  2. Haemorrhage
  3. Polycthaemia
  4. Sepsis –> DIC
  5. G6PD deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the causes of Decreased Bilirubin clearance? (6 things)

A
  1. Prematurity (immature liver obv)
  2. Breast milk jaundice
  3. Neonatal cholestasis
  4. Extrahepatic biliary atresia
  5. Endocrine disorders (hypothyriod / hypopituitary)
  6. Gilbert syndrome
17
Q

What are the CF of pathological jaundice? (8 things)

A
  1. Yellow skin / sclera
  2. Drowsy
  3. Not waking for feeds / short feeds
  4. Altered muscle tone / seizures (needs immediate attention)
  5. Abd mass / organomegaly
  6. Signs of infection
  7. Poor urine output
  8. Stool stays black / not changing colour
18
Q

What investigations should you do for neonatal jaundice? (7 things)

A
  1. FBC / Blood film
  2. LFT (Conjugated bilirubin levels)
  3. TFT
  4. Blood type testing
  5. Direct Coombs Test (aka direct antiglobulin test)
  6. Blood / urine cultures
  7. G6PD levels
19
Q

What are you suspecting if you do a FBC / blood film for neonatal jaundice? (2 things)

A
  1. Polycythaemia
  2. Anaemia
20
Q

What are you suspecting if you do a LFT (Conjugated bilirubin levels) for neonatal jaundice?

A

Hepatobiliary cause

21
Q

What are you suspecting if you do a TFT for neonatal jaundice?

A

Hypothyroid

22
Q

What are you suspecting if you do Blood type testing for neonatal jaundice? (2 things)

A
  1. ABO incompatibility
  2. Rhesus incompatibility
23
Q

What are you suspecting if you do a Direct Coombs Test for neonatal jaundice?

A

Haemolysis

24
Q

What are you suspecting if you do Blood / urine cultures for neonatal jaundice?

A

Infection (esp sepsis)

25
Q

What are you suspecting if you do G6PD levels for neonatal jaundice?

A

G6PD deficiency (aka me lol)

26
Q

When should you especially check G6PD levels in neonatal jaundice?

A

Mediterranean / African origin

27
Q

How is the treatment of neonatal jaundice decided?

A

Using a Treatment Threshold Chart

28
Q

How does a Treatment Threshold Chart work? (3 things)

A
  1. Babys age in days on X axis
  2. Total bilirubin no Y axis
  3. Depending on where baby’s value is, start that treatment
29
Q

What are the treatment options for neonatal jaundice? (2 things)

A
  1. Phototherapy (me lol)
  2. Exchange transfusion (rare, only for extremely high levels)
30
Q

What is phototherapy?

A

Expose baby to Blue light (while only wearing nappies and eye patches)

31
Q

How does phototherapy work to treat neonatal jaundice? (2 things)

A
  1. Breaks bilirubin down into Isomers
  2. Isomers can be excreted in bile / urine WITHOUT needing conjugation by liver
32
Q

What should you check after you complete phototherapy treatment and why? (2 things)

A
  1. Rebound bilirubin measure after 12-18 hours
  2. To make sure levels don’t rise above treatment threshold again
33
Q

What does Exchange Transfusion involve?

A

Removing blood from neonate –> replacing it with donor blood

34
Q

What is a complication of neonatal jaundice?

A

Kernicterus

35
Q

What is Kernicterus?

A

Bilirubin induced brain dysfunction

36
Q

How does Kernicterus happen?

A

High levels of bilirubin cross blood-brain barrier –> accum in CNS grey matter and damages CNS

37
Q

What are the CF of Kernicterus? (3 things)

A
  1. Less responsive
  2. Floppy n drowsy
  3. Poor feeding
38
Q

Is the damage to CNS in Kernicterus permanent?

A

Yes

39
Q

What can the damage to the CNS in Kernicterus lead to? (3 things)

A
  1. Cerebral palsy
  2. Learning disability
  3. Deafness

y4 child health (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions