Neoliberalism and the promise of institutions Flashcards
What is the core tenent
While still an anarchic system (Keohane says decentralised) with states as units, international institutions facilitate cooperation with the possibility of cumulative progress. The structure or design of international systems play a role in the extent to which collective goals can be realised.
Formal institutions
multi lateral organisations with physical locations
What are Informal institutional arrangements or international regimes?
norms, rules and decision making principles
Prisoner’s Dilemma
A game in which two players try to get rewards by cooperating or or betraying the other player. Rewards of mutual cooperation are greater than those of mutual defection. Rational players will defect. In Neoliberal theory the prospect of iteration or future interaction and transparency makes defection less likely. Ability to exchange information and monitor each other’s behaviour.
How does neoliberalism study international relations ie what is its object
- Study what is the purpose of the institution
- How or whether those interests are obtained with the institution
to this end need to look at;
* bargaining
* defection - how to alleviate concerns over defection - compliance
* autonomy - principal agent theory member states principals and international organisation management and staff as agents
NPR for constructivists
NPR stems from anti nuclear global arms races norms embedded in the NPT- explains some but not all states behaviour - need other filters
What is the NPT - treaty for the non proliferation of nuclear weapons
The NPT is a landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. The Treaty represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States. Opened for signature in 1968, the Treaty entered into force in 1970. On 11 May 1995, the Treaty was extended indefinitely. A total of 191 States have joined the Treaty, including the five nuclear-weapon States. More countries have ratified the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement, a testament to the Treaty’s significance.
Who are the 5 nuclear weapon states
USA, China, Russia, France and Great Britain
Asia vs Middle East - on denuclearisation
In Asia a move away from nuclearisation except for N Korea. In the Middle East a move towards nuclearisation except for Egypt
Democratic peace hypothesis
Democracies don’t wage war upon each other
Nuclearisation through lens of democratic peace hypothesis/regime type
- democracies have moderating effect on use of violence
- transparency = trust
But, Britain and France acquired weapons, India and Israel have not signed NPT and autocracies including South Korea and Taiwan so not nec linked to regime type
Interationationalisation and domestic politics ie models of domestic politics
A rationale for NPT or no: creation of nuclear bomb a means of building tech capablity in inward facing societies + cudos for leaders. 0utward facing economies may not want to deal with potential sanctions if they pursue nuclear weapons capablitiy
Nuclear strategy for realists
Balance of power - self-help. Does not explain why some countries with lesser threat acquired weapons or sought to and some under great threat did not.
- hegemonic guarantees
- influence of political economy
Nuclear strategy for institutionalists
Role of institutions or the NPT - but what would have happened without the NPT ie did the NPT actually influence as much as considered. Explain where states have not signed?
Nuclear strategy as a result of new international norms/constructivist
How has NPR deterred developed through socialisation independent of rational theory learning or hegemonic co-ercion. Explain how 30 countries acquired NW post Nagasaki. Questions around acquisition through deterrence. Look at influence of domestic politics and political economy.
