Neo-Piagetian Theories Flashcards
outline neo-piagetian theories
- incorporate aspects of information processing theory with stages
- explain individual differences in development
- use principles from social cognitive theory
what are the four stages of Robbie Case’s theory of development? (PIDV - penis in da vagina)
predimensional (0-2)
inter-relational (2-8)
dimensional (5-11)
vectorial (11-19)
what did Robbie Case propose was the key for developing through the stages? (to do w a form of memory)
increases in working memory capacity and central processing speed leads to advancement through the stages
what helps increase working memory?
- automaticity of processes - increased efficiency
- brain maturation - myelination, changes in brain activity
- formation of central conceptual structures
what is a central conceptual structure in regards to problem solving?
a mental network of concepts used to represent and assign meaning to problems
what is a central conceptual structure used for?
solving problems
outline Siegler’s overlapping waves
children generate strategies to try and solve a problem and these compete/overlap
Siegler and Robinson (1982) found children to use the same or a different strategy on an addition problem task?
only 20% of children would use the same strategy
what are the 5 components of Siegler’s overlapping waves theory for problem solving in children?
- acquiring new strategies
- mapping strategy to new components
- strengthening strategy w/ new and old problems
- refining choice of strategy
- increasingly effective execution of new strategies
what is attention?
identifying and selecting sensory input for more detailed processing
what did Hood (1995) find regarding infants and attention?
young infants struggle with shifting attention - ‘sticky fixation’ or ‘obligatory attention’
what is attention like for 2-3 month old infants?
they can disengage attention and have smooth eye movements
outline attention deficits
- a struggle with attending relevant info and remembering irrelevant info
- process irrelevant verbatim details
- cannot inhibit task-irrelevant responses - e.g. imitate instead of adjusting behaviour
what is voluntary attention?
taking control of attention and shifting away from salient but irrelevant info - develops significantly across childhood
how is memory foundational to information processing theory?
it determines how information is stored by the cognitive system
outline infantile amnesia
-lack of memory capacity
- evidence in infants - habituation/novelty, deferred imitation
outline the role of brain development for memory
brain needs to integrate info from multiple areas for memory e.g. hippocampus and PFC
- most of H is developed at birth, but some parts continue to develop
- PFC takes longer to be developed - LTM
outline working memory development
- limited capacity store for retaining info while performing mental operations on that info
- WM ability increases steadily w age between 4-15 - large differences between children of the same age
what is recall?
ability to reproduce information from memory
what is recognition?
ability to identify person, object or quality that was observed previously
are infants better at recall or recognition?
recognition
why is recall harder than recogniton?
- recall relies on info to have been encoded and stored for a certain period of time
- a lack of metacognition
why do children not use more effective strategies with tasks?
- lack of cognitive capacity
- more sophisticated strategies require language and knowledge
