Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Nematodes (Roundworms) > Flashcards

Nematodes (Roundworms) Flashcards

1
Q

Ancylostoma caninum

A
  • FH: Dogs and foxes
  • PH: Rodents, zoonotic (CLM)
  • Transmission: Percutaneous or penetration of oral mucosa, Per os, Transplacental(rare), Transmammary(important)
  • PPP: 2-3wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Acute/chronic hemorrhagic anemia, Pneumonia, Diarrhea (blood/mucus)
  • Treatment: Treat pregnant bitches at least once during pregnancy, Capcvet: Treat at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of age, Other: Treat nursing litters twice at 1-2 wk and again 2 wk later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

A
  • FH: Cats
  • PH: Rodents
  • Transmission: Per os, Percutaneous
  • PPP: 2-3wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Less severe version of A. caninum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ancylostoma braziliense

A
  • FH: Dogs and cats
  • PH: Very zoonotic (CLM)
  • Transmission: Per os, Percutaneous
  • PPP: 2-3wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Mostly diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Uncinaria stenocephala

A
  • FH: Dogs, cats and foxes
  • PH
  • Transmission: Per os (Usual), Percutaneous (Uncommon)
  • PPP: 2-3wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Interdigital dermatitis in animals previously infected, Not very pathogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Large strongyles

A
  • FH: Horses
  • PPP-6-11mo
  • SOI: Large intestine
  • Signs: Colic most typical, Fever, Anorexia, Constipation, Anemia (heavy infection)
  • Diagnosis: Eggs in fecal flotation (McMaster), Identification of L3, Ultrasound, Arteriography, for migrating larvae, Necropsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Small strongyles (Cyathostomins)

A
  • FH: Horses
  • PPP: 1.5-4mo
  • SOI: Large intestine
  • Signs: Larval cyathostominosis, Lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltration, Catarrhal colitis, Protein losing enteropathy
  • Diagnosis: Eggs in fecal examination (McMaster), Distinguish cyathstomin L3 from large strongyle L3, Eggs in feces of foals (< 6 wk) due to coprophagia
  • Northern temperate climate: Larvae arrest during winter, Adults in spring, Egg counts increase in spring
  • Southern temperate climates: Larvae encysts during summer, Transmission occurs during winter
  • Treatment: Resistant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oesophagostomum spp.

A
  • Common name: Pimply worm
  • PPP: 3-8wk
  • SOI: Large intestine
  • Signs: Nodules from L4 in small and large intestine, Low EPG (clinical signs pre-EPG), Anorexia, Diarrhea (ruminants), Decreased production aka “poor sow” syndrome (Swine)
  • Diagnosis: Necropsy, Eggs (chronic infection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Syngamus trachea

A
  • Common name: Gapeworm
  • FH: Domestic and wild fowl
  • PH: Earthworm
  • SOI: Trachea, Lungs
  • Signs: Mucus build-up, Suffocation
  • Diagnosis: Operculated egg in feces, L3 (in or out of egg), Necropsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ostertagia ostertagi

A
  • Common name: brown stomach worm
  • FH: Cattle
  • PPP: 3wk (Arrested L4 up to 6mo)
  • SOI: Abomasum
  • Signs: Damage from L3 to immature, Glandular changes (“Moroccan leather”), Increased plasma pepsinogen, Edema (“Bottle jaw”)
  • Type I (Summer): Morbidity high, Treat and move
  • Type II (Winter): Clinical disease low, High mortality, Anthelmintics against L4, Prevent with treatment winter housing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Teladorsagia circumcincta

A
  • FH: Sheep and goats
  • SOI: Abomasum
  • Signs: Similar lesions to Ostertagia but less severe, Weight loss, Diarrhea intermittent, Profuse watery diarrhea uncommon, PPR
  • Treatment: MCLs, benzimidazoles, levamisole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyostrongylus spp.

A
  • Common name: Stomach worm
  • FH: Pigs
  • PPP: 3wk
  • Site: Stomach
  • Signs: Damage to the gastric glands, Mucosal hyperplasia, Nodule formation, Hemorrhage, “Poor sow syndrome”
  • Diagnosis: Eggs in fecal examination similar to Oesophagostomum spp.
  • Treatment: Anthelmintics against hypobiotic larvae, Pasture management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Haemonchus contortus

A
  • Common name: Barber pole worm
  • FH: Sheep and goats
  • SOI: Abomasum
  • Signs: Hyperacute cases lambs die of hemorrhagic gastritis, Acute cases cause anaemia, “bottle jaw”, lethargy, Chronic cases cause progressive weight loss and weakness
  • Identification: FAMACHA
  • Treatment: MCLs, benzimidazoles, levamisole, Vaccine in AUS, Anthelmintic resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trichostrongylus spp.

A
  • FH: Cattle, sheep, goats, equine
  • PPP: 3-4wk
  • SOI: Abomasum/stomach, Small intestine
  • Signs: Heavy infections severe diarrhea, Low infections problematic in malnourished or stressed animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cooperia spp.

A
  • FH: Cattle, sheep and goats
  • PPP: 2-3wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Stressed cattle produce watery diarrhea, Common in weanling age cattle (mid to late first grazing)
  • Diagnosis: Fecal egg counts, Trichostrongyloid L3, Necropsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dictyocaulus spp.

A
  • Common name: lung worm
  • FH: Cows (D. viviparous), Sheep/Goats (D. filaria), Donkeys/Horses (D. arnfeldi)
  • PPP: 24d, 35d, 2-4mo
  • SOI: Bronchi
  • Signs: Coughing; Post-treatment syndrome (D. viviparous), Rarely patent in horses (D. arnfeldi), Cows typically asymptomatic (D. filaria)
  • Diagnosis: L1 Baermann, Necropsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nematodirus spp.

A
  • Common name: Long neck bankrupt worm
  • FH: Sheep (lamb to lamb), goats, cattle
  • PPP: 3wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Sudden onset of ill thrift in lambs, Severe diarrhea (dehydrated carcass), Mortality up to 30%
  • Diagnosis: Grazing history, Necropsy
  • Treatment: Avoid pastures used the previous year in the spring/early summer, Prophylactic treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Muellerius spp.

A
  • Lung worm
  • FH: Sheep and goats
  • IH: Molluscs
  • L1 with s-shaped kink
  • PPP: 6-10wk
  • Signs: Lead shot lungs, Clinical signs rare in sheep but more common in goat
18
Q

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

A
  • Common name: Meningeal worm
  • FH: White-tailed deer
  • IH: Molluscs
  • AH: Equine, sheep, goats, llamas, camels, etc.
  • Signs: Neurologic disease in AH
19
Q

Metastrongylus spp.

A
  • Common name: Lungworm of pigs
  • FH: Pigs
  • IH: Earthworm
  • PPP: 4wk
  • SOI: Bronchi and bronchioles
  • Signs: Lung migrations cause lesions, Bronchitis/coughing, Secondary infections
  • Diagnosis: Eggs with L1 in fecal examination
20
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A
  • Common name: Cat lungworm
  • FH: Cats
  • IH: Snails, slugs
  • PH: Birds, rodents, frogs
  • SOI: Lung parenchyma and bronchioles
  • Signs: Low pathogenicity; mild cough
  • Diagnosis: L1 with kinked tail in feces (Baermann)
21
Q

Filaroides

A
  • FH: Dogs
  • Differentiate location of adults, L1 tail, age of animal, clinical signs
  • Signs: Dry cough
  • Filaroides younger dogs; can damage the reputation of a breeder; direct life cycle; centrifuge
  • Angiostrongylus and Crenosoma older dogs; indirect life cycle
  • Diagnosis: Centrifugal flotation, Baermann, Nodules detected by endoscope
22
Q

Toxocara canis

A
  • FH: Dogs, zoonotic (VLM)
  • Transmission: Per os, Transplacental, Transmammary (< Hookworms), PH
  • SOI: Small intestine, hepatic-tracheal migration
  • Signs: Intestinal obstruction with large numbers (pot belly), Entire nematodes pass with feces and vomitus, Feces unformed
  • Diagnosis: Eggs in fecal flotation, Adult worms in necropsy, feces, or vomit
  • Treatment: Treat pregnant bitch, Frequent treatment of puppies (2, 4, 6 and 8wk), Treat to kill L4 and immature adults pre-egg shedding
23
Q

Toxocara cati

A
  • FH: Cats, zoonotic (VLM)
  • PH: Mice/rats
  • Transmision: Per os, Transmammary, PH
  • Compared to T. canis: Do not migrate as intensively, Less immunity, No tranplacental infection = Slightly older kittens
24
Q

Toxascaris leonina

A
  • FH: Cats, dogs
  • Transmission: Per os, PH
  • Compared to T. canis: Migrates locally, No pneumonia, Less immunity, Less pathogenic, PPP 11 wk
25
Q

Baylisascaris procyonis

A

-FH: Raccoons, Zoonotic with high levels of VLM, Can infect dogs

26
Q

Parascaris equorum

A
  • FH: Horses
  • Transmission: Per os
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Compared to T. canis: PPP 10-12wk, McMaster fecal flotation, Moderate/heavy infections cause unthriftiness and production losses, Anthelmintic resistance
27
Q

Ascaris suum

A
  • FH: Pigs, Zoonotic
  • PH: Earthworms, Dung beetles
  • Transmission: Per os, PH
  • PPP: 6-8wk, Egg lasts 10yr
  • Signs: Milk liver spots, Transient pneumonia, Poor feed conversion
  • Diagnosis: McMaster
  • Treatment: Associated with indoor/outdoor production, Treat weaning piglets, Treat sows pre-farrowing
28
Q

Ascaridia spp.

A
  • Common name: Roundworms
  • FH: Domestic/wild birds, Chickens
  • PH: Earthworms
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Weightloss, Obstruction, Younger chickens more affected
  • Diagnosis: Fecal exam, Necropsy easier
29
Q

Heterakis spp.

A
  • Common name: Poultry cecal worm
  • FH: Domestic/wild birds, Chickens, Turkeys
  • PH: Earthworms, Flies
  • SOI: Cecum
  • Signs: H. gallinarum is most common and non-pathogenic (Passes Histomonas Meleagridis - necrotic liver lesions), H. isolonche is most pathogenic with diarrhea, emaciation, and death
  • Diagnosis: Fecal exam, Necropsy easier
30
Q

Strongyloides spp.

A
  • S. stercoralis: Dogs/Cats (Kennels), S. westeri: Equine (Stables, Bedding), S. papillosus: Caprine/Ovine/Bovine, S. ransomi: Swine, Possibley zoonotic
  • Transmission: Per os, Percutaneous, Transmammary (somatic stages), Prenatal (Rare, Not in equine)
  • PPP: 1-2wk
  • SOI: Small intestine
  • Signs: Diarrhea, Anorexia, Weight loss, Erythematous reaction and urticaria, Neonatal pigs die before eggs present
  • Diagnosis: Fecal exam, Baermann (S. Stercoralis)
31
Q

Trichuris spp.

A
  • Common name: Whipworm
  • FH: Dogs, cats, swine, cattle, ovine, etc
  • SOI: Adults in cecum and/or colon
  • Signs: Heavy infections cause diphtheritic inflammation of cecal mucosa, Sporadic disease more common in dogs
32
Q

Capillaria spp.

A
  • FH: Dogs, cats, and birds (C. obsignata); Zoonosis
  • IH: Earthworms (some Capillaria spp.)
  • SOI: Dogs/cats: Airways, Intestinal tract and Bladder; Birds: Alimentary tract
  • Signs: Dogs/cats: Relatively non-pathogenic; Birds: Highly pathogenic
  • Diagnosis: Necropsy (birds), Eggs more barrel-shaped than Trichuris
33
Q

Trichinella spp.

A
  • FH: Mammals, birds and reptiles, Zoonosis
  • SOI: Small intestine (adults), Muscles (L1)
  • Transmission: Ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, Rats in piggeries, Food waste with infected pig flesh
  • Signs: Only in humans
  • Diagnosis: Pooled sample digestion, ELISA, Squash preparation
  • Treatment: Prevent pigs eating infected food, scraps, carcasses, or rats
34
Q

Dioctophyme renale

A
  • Common name: Giant kidney worm
  • FH: Dogs
  • Incidental finding in kidney
35
Q

Oxyuris equi

A
  • Common name: Large pinworm
  • FH: All equids
  • PPP: 4-5mo
  • SOI: Dorsal colon
  • Signs: Pruritus, Perianal irritation, Broken hair at the base of the tail
  • Diagnosis: Adhesive tape method or perianal scraping
  • Treatment: Available but reinfection common
36
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A
  • FH: Dogs, cats, other mammals; zoonosis
  • IH: Mosquitoes
  • PPP: 9mo
  • SOI: Distal pulmonary arteries (adults), Blood (larva)
  • Signs: Endothelium destroyed, Fluid leakage, Thrombus formation, Tortuous arteries, Increased resistance, Post-caval syndrome, Wolbachia spp., Sometimes asymptomatic or some exercise intolerance with cough
  • Diagnosis: Antigen test (adult females), Mff test, Echocardiography
  • Treatment: Monthly preventatives (DEC or MCL against L3 and L4), Improve condition before doxycycline, prophylaxis, adulticide, and cage rest
37
Q

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

A
  • FH: Dogs
  • IH: Fleas, ticks and lice
  • Identification: Characteristic mff to distinguish from D. immitis
  • SOI: Adults in subcutis, mff in blood
38
Q

Onchocerca cervicalis

A
  • FH: All equid species
  • PH: Culicoides spp.
  • SOI: Adults coiled in tissue nodules, mff in tissue spaces of skin
39
Q

Spirocerca lupi

A
  • Common name: Esophageal worm
  • FH: Dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, etc
  • IH: Dung beetles
  • PH: Chickens, birds, lizards
  • PPP: 6mo
  • SOI: Esophagus
  • Signs: Adults in esophageal granulomas; Development of osteosarcoma, spondylosis, osteopathies
40
Q

Physaloptera spp.

A
  • Similar to Spirocerca lupi: Indirect life cycle, Insect IH, Egg characteristics, L3 infective
  • Different to Spirocerca lupi: Cats and dogs, Stomach, Differing clinical signs, IH and PH, PPP is 8-10 weeks
41
Q

Draschia megastoma

Habronema spp.

A
  • FH: All equids
  • IH: Musca spp. or Stomoxys calcitrans (flies)
  • SOI: Stomach (adults), Skin (L3 = wrong place/time)
  • Signs: Non-pathogenic (adults), Nodules in stomach (D. megastoma); Larvae cause Cutaneous habronemiasis/Cutaneous draschiasis, Granular conjunctivitis, and “summer sores”
  • Diagnosis: Egg recovery difficult, Larvae is skin scraping

Parasitology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions