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PARA > Nematodes - General > Flashcards

Nematodes - General Flashcards

1
Q

Flatworms aka

A

(platyhelminths)

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2
Q

Trematodes aka

A

(flukes)

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3
Q

Cestodes aka

A

(tapeworms)

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4
Q

Thorny-headed worms

A

(acanthocephalins)

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5
Q

Roundworms

A

(nematodes)

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6
Q

Largest number of helminths parasitizing human belong
• Unsegmented worms, elongate, and cylindrical both ends
are often pointed
• Size varies

A

NEMATODES

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7
Q

smallest size of nematodes and name

A

<5 mm

Trichinella

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8
Q

Longest up to what size & name

A

1m (Dracunculus)

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9
Q

Largest Nematode

A

(Dioctophyma renale)

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10
Q

Largest common nematode

A

(Ascaris)

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11
Q

body covering of nematodes

A

covered with a tough cuticle/integument

  • Usually smooth
  • Serves as a tough, flexible covering
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12
Q

body cavity of nematodes

  • pseudecoele
  • presence/absence of circulatory system
  • respiration thru ___
  • movement thru ___
A

• Pseudocoele – all visceral organ are suspended contains
fluid (oxyhemoglobin)
• Lacks Circulatory System
• Respiration through diffusion
• Movement through a hydrostatic skeletal system

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13
Q

excretory system

  • # of lateral canals
  • close/open @ posterior end
  • close/open thru a ventral excretory pore
A
  • Two lateral canals
  • Close at the posterior end
  • Open through a ventral excretory pore
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14
Q

Which gender has curved posterior end

A

males

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15
Q

which gender has copulatory spicules

A

males

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16
Q

which is smaller, males or females

A

males

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17
Q

3 layers of eggs

A

CVA (curriculum vitae application)

o Vitelline membrane
o Chorionic true shell
o Albuminous covering

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18
Q

for ____________:
Eggs when oviposited may contain:
A single blastomere

A

(Ascaris, Trichuris)

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19
Q

for ____________:
Eggs when oviposited may contain:
Early Stage of cleavage

A

Hookworm

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20
Q

for ____________:
Eggs when oviposited may contain:
Partly advanced in development

A

(Strongyloides)

21
Q

for ____________:
Eggs when oviposited may contain:
Nearly mature

A

(embryonated-E. vermicularis)

22
Q

for ____________:
Eggs when oviposited may contain:
Discharged first larva from the uterus

A

(Trichinella,

Dracunculus)

23
Q

term for female nematodes giving birth to larva

A

Viviparous

24
Q

term for female nematodes laying eggs

A

Oviparous

25
Q

3 types of eggs (oviparous)

A

(USE)

o Unsegmented Eggs
o Segmented eggs
o Embryonated eggs

26
Q

STAGES OF NEMATODES

A
  • 4 larval stage

* 1 adult stage

27
Q

EXIT OF NEMATODE EGGS/LARVAE FROM THE

HOST

A
  • Hatch on the perianal or perineal skin
  • Embryonate in soil
  • Skin penetration
  • Malaria
28
Q

term for female nematodes laying eggs and hatching immediately

A

Ovoviviparous

29
Q

MODES OF TRANSMISSION
• Ingestion of __, __, __
• Skin Penetration through __, __
• Inhalation of dust containing __

A

embryonated eggs, growing embryos, encysted
larvae

filariform larvae and blood sucking
vectors

embryonated eggs

30
Q

optimum host of most nematodes

A

man

31
Q

nematodes require __ host/s (#)

except:

A

only 1

Except: (FD)
 Filaria – 2
 Dracunculus - 2

32
Q

MODES OF ATTACHMENT OF ADULT WORMS

A
  • Bite of intestinal mucosa
  • Anchor to the intestinal mucosa through the attenuated end
  • Temporary attachment or retention in the folds of the mucosa
  • Penetration of the tissue
33
Q

NUTRITION

A

(BBLIF-badboylif)

  • Biting with toothlike structures
  • Ingestion of blood
  • Lysis of tissues
  • Feeding on intestinal contents
  • Body fluids
34
Q

METABOLISM

A

Anaerobic and aerobic
• Lack of O2=prevents embryonation of ova in the GIT
• Ova and larvae of most nematodes require O2 for their
development

35
Q

what prevents embryonation of ova in the GIT

A

Lack of O2

36
Q

Female T.spiralis is passed out in ___ after being

sexually exhausted

A

4-5 weeks

37
Q

E. vermicularis has a life span of ____

A

1-2 months

38
Q

Ascaris lives upto ___ years and hookworms after ___ years

A

14; 7

39
Q

Loaloa microfilaria survives for ____years

A

15

40
Q

POLYOPARASITISM

Common species:

make HASTTE

A 
o Triumvirate
o Trichuris
o Asacris
o Hookworm
o Strongyloides
o Enterobius
41
Q

Habitat of the adult worm

SCS - San Carlos School

A

small intestine
cecum/vermiform appendix
somatic (inside tissues and organs

42
Q

where do these reside

Ascaris lumbricoides
 Ancyclostoma duodenale
 Necator americanus
 Strongyloides stercoralis
 Trichinella spiralis
A

Small intestine

43
Q

where do these reside

o Enterobius vermicularis
o Trichuris trichiura

A

Cecum/Vermiform Appendix

44
Q

part of somatic

A 
Lymphatic System
Subcutaneous tissue
Lungs 
Mesentery
Conjunctiva
45
Q

where do these reside

 Wuchereria bancrofti
 B.Brugia malayi

A

Lymphatic System

WB- welome back sa nag limp

46
Q

where do these reside

 Loaloa
 Onchocerca volvulus
 Dracunculus medinensis

A

Subcutaneous tissue

pa SUBscribe. LODi

47
Q

where does this reside

 Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Lungs

stay STRONG ka LUNGs

48
Q

where do these reside

 Acanthacheinema perstans
 Mansonella ozardi

A

Mesentery

AM a MES

49
Q

where does this reside

 Loaloa

A

Conjunctiva

PARA (2 decks)

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