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PARA > Nematodes - Aphasmids > Flashcards

Nematodes - Aphasmids Flashcards

1
Q

CHARACTERISTICS

Caudal papillae is (present, absent)

Excretory system (with, without) lateral canals

Phasmids (present, absent)

Esophagus is cylindrical-____ or ___

______ eggs with polar plugs or hatches in the uterus

• 1st larval stage= (with, without) stylet

A
  • Caudal papillae is reduced or absent
  • Excretory system without lateral canals
  • Phasmids absent
  • Esophagus is cylindrical-stichosome or trophosome
  • Unsegment eggs with polar plugs or hatches in the uterus
  • 1st larval stage=with stylet
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2
Q

Threadworm

A

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

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3
Q

T. spiralis found in

A

worldwide in many carnivorous and

omnivorous animals

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4
Q

T. pseudospiralis found in

A

mammals and birds worldwide

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5
Q

T. nativa found in

A

Arctic bears

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6
Q

T. nelsoni found in

A

African predators and scavengers

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7
Q

T. britovi found in

A

carnivores of Europe and western Asia

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8
Q

T. papuae found in

A

wild and domestic pigs, Papua New Guinea and

Thailand

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9
Q

Trichinella zimbabwensis

A

crocodiles

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10
Q

infective stage of t. spiralis

A 
encysted larvae(except for T.
pseudospiralis and T. papuae, which do not encyst)
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11
Q 
800-120um at birth
• 200-100um in muscle fiber
• Has a burrowing tip (spear like)
• Mature larva has digestive tract
• Not fully developed reproductive organ
A

larva of t. spiralis

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12
Q

• Found in small intestine
• Smallest nematode parasite of man
• Adult male:
o With conical papillae used in holding female during
copulation
• Adult female:
o With club-shaped utero;larviparous/viviparous
• Small worm with a slender anterior
• Protrusible stylet
• Cephalic papillae
• Stichosome present(with lined stichocytes)

A

adult of t. spiralis

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13
Q

Requires 2 host to complete the life cycle

A

t. spiralis

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14
Q

Spread by black and brown rats

A

t. spiralis

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15
Q

dead end host of t. spiralis

A

man

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16
Q

MOT of t. spiralis

A

ingestion of improperly cooked meat

17
Q

what kills t. spiralis

A

Freezing at -15°C for 20 days

18
Q

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION of t. spiralis

A

Asymptomati
Intestinal invasion
Larval migration into muscle tissues (one week after
infection)

(LIA)

19
Q

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION of t. spiralis - Intestinal invasion

A

(diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting)

20
Q

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION of t. spiralis - • Larval migration into muscle tissues (one week after
infection)

A

o periorbital and facial edema, conjunctivitis, fever,
myalgias, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and
peripheral eosinophilia.
o Occasional life-threatening manifestations include
myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and
pneumonitis.
o Larval encystment in the muscles causes myalgia and
weakness, followed by subsidence of symptoms

21
Q

(t. spiralis)

__ larvae/g body muscle=death

A

5

22
Q

(t. spiralis)

___ causes local edema

A

larva

23
Q

(t. spiralis)

__ causes muscle pain difficulty in swallowing
heart failure leading to death

A

Encysted larva

24
Q

(t. spiralis)

look for encysted larva thru

A

Muscle biopsy

25
Q

(t. spiralis)

Immunodiagnostic tests:

A

Bentonite flocculation test;

Bachman’s test (intradermal skin test)

26
Q

(t. spiralis)

Xerodiagnosis using

A

test albino mice (Beck’s Test)

27
Q

(t. spiralis)

Bachman intradermal test

A

o Ag: 1:5000- 1:10000 dilution

o (+) within 15-20 minutes

28
Q

(t. spiralis)

Serologic Test

A

o Bentonite flocculation test
o CFT
o IHT

(BIC)

29
Q

(t. spiralis)

Drugs of choice

A

o Albendazole – 400 mg twice a day by mouth for 8 to 14
days
o Mebendazole – 200 to 400 mg three times a day by
mouth for 3 days, then 400 to 500 mg three times a day
by mouth for 10 days

30
Q

Most common in parts of Europe and the United States

A

t. spiralis

31
Q

• Cooking meat to a uniform temperature of 70 degrees
Celsius or higher for at least a few minutes to kill encysted
larvae.
• Freezing of pork meat to a temperature of -30 degrees
Celsius for one week reportedly kills the encysted larvae
(may not be effective forwild game meat).
• Other cooking methods such as microwaving, smoking, or
saltingmeat often fail to kill the encysted larvae and thus the
risk of getting trichinosis from meat treated by these
methods is increased.

prev. and control for

A

t. spiralis

PARA (2 decks)

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