nematodes affecting small intestine

Question 1

7

Answer 1

Describe the hepatobiliary and pancreatic symptoms that may arise due to Ascaris lumbricoides migration.

Question 2

8

Answer 2

What are the primary diagnostic features of Ascariasis, and which laboratory test is the most reliable for confirming infection?

Question 3

10

Answer 3

List three primary prevention strategies for Ascariasis and explain their importance in controlling the disease.

Question 4

11

Answer 4

What are the primary geographical and socioeconomic factors influencing Strongyloides stercoralis infections?

Question 5

12

Answer 5

Describe the morphology and characteristics of Strongyloides stercoralis, including size, location, and reproductive cycle.

Question 6

13

Answer 6

Explain the free-living and parasitic life cycles of Strongyloides stercoralis, including the role of rhabditiform and filariform larvae.

Question 7

14

Answer 7

How does Strongyloides stercoralis exhibit autoinfection, and why is this process significant in chronic infections?

Question 8

15

Answer 8

What are the dermatologic manifestations of Strongyloides infection, and how do they occur?

Question 9

16

Answer 9

Describe the gastrointestinal symptoms associated with Strongyloides infection and the potential complications in chronic cases.

Question 10

17

Answer 10

What pulmonary symptoms may arise in Strongyloides infections, and how do they differ in hyperinfection syndrome?

Question 11

18

Answer 11

Which diagnostic method is primarily used to detect Strongyloides stercoralis, and what characteristic features are observed?

Question 12

19

Answer 12

Compare the treatments for Strongyloides infection: Thiabendazole vs. Ivermectin. Which is preferred and why?

Question 13

20

Answer 13

List the essential preventive measures for Strongyloides stercoralis infections, particularly in high-risk areas.

Question 14

What is the causative agent of ascariasis?

Answer 14

Ascariasis is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, an intestinal roundworm.

Question 15

What are the characteristics of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 15

Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the largest and most common intestinal roundworms. The female worms are 20-35 cm long, while males are 15-30 cm long with a curved tail.

Question 16

Where do adult Ascaris worms inhabit in the human body?

Answer 16

Adult Ascaris worms inhabit the lumen of the small intestine, usually in the jejunum or ileum.

Question 17

Describe the appearance of Ascaris eggs.

Answer 17

Ascaris eggs are oval, have a thick shell, and a mamillated outer coat.

Question 18

How does Ascaris infection occur?

Answer 18

Infection occurs through ingestion of infective eggs present in contaminated food, water, or soil.

Question 19

What is the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 19

After ingestion, larvae hatch in the intestines, migrate to the lungs via the bloodstream, mature, ascend the bronchial tree, and are swallowed back into the intestines where they develop into adults.

Question 20

What are the pulmonary manifestations of ascariasis?

Answer 20

Pulmonary manifestations include transient respiratory symptoms, dry cough, and eosinophilic pneumonitis.

Question 21

What is Löffler’s syndrome and how is it related to ascariasis?

Answer 21

Löffler’s syndrome is a form of eosinophilic pneumonia that occurs during Ascaris larval migration through the lungs, causing dry cough, migratory pulmonary opacities, and eosinophilia.

Question 22

What are the intestinal symptoms of ascariasis?

Answer 22

Intestinal symptoms include abdominal discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, impaired absorption of nutrients, and steatorrhea.

Question 23

What complications can arise from severe Ascaris infection?

Answer 23

Severe infections can lead to intestinal obstruction, biliary and pancreatic complications, and even peritonitis.

Question 24

How is ascariasis diagnosed?

Answer 24

Diagnosis is done by identifying characteristic ova in stool samples using microscopy.

Question 25

What is the treatment for ascariasis?

Answer 25

Albendazole is the most commonly prescribed drug; it works by inhibiting microtubule growth and glucose uptake in the parasite.

Question 26

What are the key prevention measures for ascariasis?

Answer 26

Prevention includes improving sanitation, avoiding human feces as fertilizer, and mass deworming programs.

Question 27

What is the causative agent of strongyloidiasis?

Answer 27

Strongyloidiasis is caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, a parasitic nematode.

Question 28

What are the characteristics of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 28

Strongyloides stercoralis is a small roundworm (2.0-2.5 mm) that infects the intestines and has both free-living and parasitic life cycles.

Question 29

What is unique about the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 29

The parasite alternates between free-living and parasitic cycles, allowing for prolonged infection.

Question 30

What is autoinfection in strongyloidiasis?

Answer 30

Autoinfection occurs when larvae develop into infective filariform larvae within the host, allowing continuous reinfection without external exposure.

Question 31

What are the clinical manifestations of strongyloidiasis?

Answer 31

Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, malabsorption, skin rashes, wheezing, and cough.

Question 32

How is strongyloidiasis diagnosed?

Answer 32

Diagnosis is primarily by detecting rhabditiform larvae in stool samples using microscopy.

Question 33

What are the treatment options for strongyloidiasis?

Answer 33

Treatment includes ivermectin and thiabendazole, which eliminate the parasite.

Question 34

What are key prevention measures for strongyloidiasis?

Answer 34

Prevention involves wearing shoes in endemic areas, proper waste disposal, and education on parasite transmission.