nematodes

Question 1

Category

Answer 1

Details

Question 2

Classification of Nematodes

Answer 2

Based on habitat

Question 3

Intestinal - Small Intestine

Answer 3

Ascaris, Strongyloides, Hookworm

Question 4

Intestinal - Large Intestine

Answer 4

Enterobius vermicularis, Trichiuris

Question 5

Extraintestinal - Muscle

Answer 5

Trichinella spiralis

Question 6

Trichuriasis or Whipworm

Answer 6

3rd most common roundworm infection in humans

Question 7

Trichuriasis Description

Answer 7

Worm looks like a whip, with a thick posterior end, & a long, thin head. 3 - 5 cm long, males smaller than females.

Question 8

Trichuriasis Infection Site

Answer 8

Infection of the human cecum, appendix, colon & rectum caused by Trichuris trichiura

Question 9

Trichuriasis Distribution

Answer 9

Found worldwide, common in tropical areas with poor sanitation. Requires hot & humid environments to develop in soil.

Question 10

Trichuriasis Transmission

Answer 10

Human feces as fertilizer increases infection risk. Hard to eliminate from the population.

Question 11

Epidemiology

Answer 11

1 female Trichuris produces 3,000-10,000 barrel-shaped ova daily.

Question 12

Egg Characteristics

Answer 12

Pass through human intestine, bile penetrates thick shell, making ova brownish. Barrel-shaped with polar plugs.

Question 13

Egg Development

Answer 13

Eggs require 2-4 weeks to develop in warm damp soil; can remain infective for 1-2 years.

Question 14

Transmission

Answer 14

Humans infected by ingesting contaminated soil, food, or water containing infective Trichuris eggs.

Question 15

High-Risk Groups

Answer 15

Small children (3-9 years) more often infected.

Question 16

Life Cycle

Answer 16

Unembryonated eggs passed with stool; soil development; ingestion; hatching in intestine; adult worms in colon.

Question 17

Clinical Manifestation - Light Infections

Answer 17

Asymptomatic

Question 18

Clinical Manifestation - Heavy Infections

Answer 18

GIT problems: abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, anemia, weight loss.

Question 19

Complications

Answer 19

Rectal prolapse in heavy infections, bacterial infections due to mucosal damage.

Question 20

Diagnosis

Answer 20

Microscopic identification of barrel-shaped eggs with polar plugs.

Question 21

Treatment

Answer 21

Albendazole & mebendazole.

Question 22

Prevention

Answer 22

Avoid ingesting contaminated soil, proper hygiene, washing hands & food.

Question 23

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

Answer 23

Small, white, threadlike worms. Females 8-13 mm long, have pin-shaped posterior end.

Question 24

Habitat

Answer 24

Cecum of large intestine; females migrate to lay eggs on perineum at night.

Question 25

Egg Characteristics

Answer 25

Ovoid, flattened on one side, embryonate in 6 hours, viable for 20 days.

Question 26

Epidemiology

Answer 26

Common intestinal parasite, prevalent in temperate climates.

Question 27

Life Cycle

Answer 27

Eggs ingested via contaminated hands or surfaces; hatch in intestine; adults migrate to colon; females lay eggs at anus.

Question 28

Transmission

Answer 28

Person-to-person via contaminated hands, surfaces, inhalation of eggs.

Question 29

Clinical Presentation

Answer 29

Perianal itching (worse at night), bacterial infections, intestinal complications.

Question 30

Diagnosis

Answer 30

Scotch tape test for detecting eggs on anal area.

Question 31

Treatment

Answer 31

Mebendazole, Albendazole (affects ATP production, leading to worm death).