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nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Loefflers syndrome is seen in infection with:

A

ascaris and trichuris and hookworms

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2
Q

Rectal prolapse is seen in severe infection with:

A

trichuris trichiura

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3
Q

If a nematode has 3-5 rows of muscles in each quadrant of its body, it is classified as:

A

meromyarian

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4
Q

What is the importance of the hypodermis of nematodes?

a. provides support to the muscles
b. involved in the movement of the nematode worm
c. synthesis of cuticle
d. circulation of nutrients and removal of waste

A

c. synthesis of cuticle

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Trichuris trichiura?

A

unembryonated ovum

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6
Q

enumerate the parasites causing autoinfection

A
  1. hymenolepis nana
  2. taenia solium
  3. enterobius vermicularis
  4. capillaria philippinensis
  5. strongyloides stercoralis
  6. trichinella spiralis
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7
Q

common name of trichuris trichiura

A

whipworm

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8
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the circulatory system of nematodes?

a. accompanied with lymphatic circulation
b. composed of venous and arterial blood supply
c. absent
d. has two hearts that function to pump blood

A

c. absent

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9
Q

The nerve ganglion of the nervous system of nematodes is found ________________

A

around the pharynx

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10
Q

Identify the intestinal nematode that thrives in the large intestine that is classified as Phasmid.

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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11
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides adult worms live in what part of the human body?

A

small intestine

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12
Q

In the shell of Ascaris lumbricoides ovum, what is found in the middle portion?

A

chitin

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13
Q

drugs that can be used to treat Ascariasis

A

pyrantel pamoate
albendazole
mebendazole

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14
Q

The egg of _______________ is described as football in shape with prominent bipolar plugs.

A

Trichuris trichiura

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15
Q

Which of the following parasites can be acquired through ingestion of raw vegetables with filariform larva?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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16
Q

Which parasite has autoinfection due to the persence of larviparous females?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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17
Q

Where is the habitat of Enterobius vermicularis in the human body?

A

large intestine

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18
Q

All of the following worms have larva lung migration in their life cycles EXCEPT:

a. Enterobius vermicularis
b. Strongyloides stercoralis
c. Ascaris lumbricoides
d. Ancylostoma duodenale
e. Necator americanus

A

a. Enterobius vermicularis

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19
Q

Which of the following worms have parthenogenetic females?

a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Necator americanus
c. Strongyloides stercoralis
d. Enterobius vermicularis
e. Ancylostoma duodenale

A

c. Strongyloides stercoralis

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20
Q

What is the only intracellular parasitic nematode among the worms in the choices?

a. S. stercoralis
b. A. duodenale
c. T. spiralis
d. E. vermicularis

A

Trichinella spiralis

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21
Q

What is the role of humans in the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

A

final host, definitive host, and intermediate host

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22
Q

Which of the following parasites can be transmitted from one human host to another via cannibalism?

a. E. vermicularis
b. A. duodenale
c. S. stercoralis
d. C. philippinensis
e. T. spiralis

A

Trichinella spiralis

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23
Q

The presence of the adult stage of this parasite in the human host causes atrophy of the villi due to ulcer formation and mechanical compression?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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24
Q

What is the common name of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

threadworm

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25
Q

The ____________ larvae of hookworms and threadworms are differentiated using their buccal cavity and genital primordium?

A

rhabditiform

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26
Q

Cephalic alae are found in the adult worms of _________________________

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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27
Q

Which parasite can cause iron deficiency anemia?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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28
Q

What is the role of predatory fishes and squids in the life cycle of Anisakis?

A

paratenic hosts

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29
Q

Filtering water or boiling it prevents the transmission of infection with:

A

dracunculus medinensis

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30
Q

common name of Dracunculus medinensis

A

fiery serpent worm

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31
Q

What is the infective stage of D. meninensis?

A

L3 larva

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32
Q

Upon examination of CSF from a patient infected with P. cantonensis, the presence of which white blood cell will be helpful in the diagnosis?

A

eosinophils

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33
Q

common name of parastrongylus cantonensis

A

rat lung worm

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34
Q

T or F: The pathogenesis or the tissue destruction in Dracunculiasis is primarily because of the male adult worms.

A

FALSE

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35
Q

worm that has two nuclei at its end

A

brugia malayi

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36
Q

What stage of brugia malayi is causing the tissue damage and the disease process in the definitive host?

A

adult stage

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37
Q

What is the diagnostic specimen recommended for the diagnosis of the infection with Onchocerca volvulus?

A

skin snip

38
Q

All have sheated microfilariae EXCEPT:

A

Onchocerca volvulus

mansonella spp

39
Q

What is the role of dogs and cats in the life of Toxocara species?

A

definitive host

40
Q

What is the infective stage of dog roundworm to humans?

A

encysted larva & embryonated ovum

41
Q

Give the Genus name of the arthropod vector of eye worm?

A

chrysops fly

42
Q

What drug is given to patients to address the problem with Wolbachia bacteria?

A

doxycycline

43
Q

What drug is usually given to make the microfilariae of B. malayi and W. bancrofti go out of the pulmonary vessels into the peripheral blood to allow daytime collection of the specimen?

A

diethylcarbamazine

44
Q

After losing their sheath in the midgut of mosquitoes, the L1 larvae of B. malayi and W. bancrofti will encyst themselves in the ______ of the mosquito

A

throcic muscles

45
Q

Skin snip is done to diagnose which of the following dieases?

A

onchocerciasis

46
Q

Term that refers to milky urine that is formed by the blockage of retroperitoneal lymph nodes

A

chyluria

47
Q

Among the 3 types of toxocariasis, hidden or the mild form of toxocariasis is also known as ___________

A

covert

48
Q

Which of the following conditions is most likely caused by Streptococcus bacteria?

A

acute dermatolymphangiodenitis (ADLA)

49
Q

a drug that has same adverse effects as DEC but are milder and must be given for one year

A

ivermectin

50
Q

drug for Anti-Wolbachia

A

Doxycycline

51
Q

drugs for the management of filariasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine (kills the filarial worm) + Doxycycline (kills the bacteria)

52
Q 
diagnostic specimen for 
w. bancrofti
b. malayi
loa loa
m. perstans
m. ozzardi
A

blood specimen

53
Q

drug of choice for mansonella streptocerca

A

ivermectin

54
Q

vector for Mansonella spp:

A

Cullicoides midge

55
Q

The most common display of infection is the localized allergic inflammations that signify the migration of the adult worm in the tissues away from the injection site
by the vector

A

Calabar Swelling

56
Q

rupture of lymphatics in the kidney secondary to the blockage of the retroperitoneal
lymph nodes

A

Chyluria

57
Q

Results in the obstruction of lymphatics of the testes

A

Hydrocoele

58
Q

Characterized by lymphangitis that progresses distally along the vessel producing a “palpable” cord

A

Acute Filarial Lymphangitis (AFL)

59
Q

worm that can cause elephantiasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

60
Q

Individuals with thousands to millions motile microfilariae in PBS (peripheral blood smear) but no symptoms identifies that they are what type of host

A

reservoir host

61
Q

Inhibition of ______ cells was seen in Brugia infection

A

CD4 T cells

62
Q

parasite-induced endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation leading to
collateralization

A

Lymphangiogenesis

63
Q

parasite-induced lymphatic dilatation

A

Lymphangiectasis

64
Q

common name for Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Bancroft’s Filarial worm

65
Q

common name for Brugia malayi

A

Malayan Filarial worm

66
Q

most commonly affected part in Host-adult with the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti

A

lower lymphatic

67
Q

Upper lymphatic is the most common affected part for the Host-adult in what parasite

A

Brugia malayi

68
Q

diagnostic stage for w. bancrofti and b. malayi

A

microfilaria

69
Q

infective stage for w. bancrofti and b. malayi

A

la filariform

70
Q

Diagnostic stage of Toxocara spp.

A

encysted larva in tissue

71
Q

what do u call a uterine tubes that is wound spirally around the intestine of a female parastrongylus cantonensis

A

Barber’s Pole pattern

72
Q

differentiate the rhabditiform of strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms

A

s. stercoralis: short buccal cavity & prominent genital primordium
hookworm: long buccal cavity & small genital primordium

73
Q

treatment for parastrongylus cantonensis

A

mebendazole and albendazole

74
Q

role of man in the life cycle of parastrongylus cantonensis

what is the intermediate host?

A

accidental host

I.H: snails or slugs

75
Q

common name for Anisakis simplex

A
  • Herring worm
  • Sealworm
  • Codworm
76
Q

common name for Dracunculus medinensis

A
  • Guinea Worm

- Fiery Serpent

77
Q

dracunculus medinensis that reaches CNS will cause

A

paraplegia

78
Q

The worms prevent pain by secreting __________and dodge

the immune system by coating themselves with human proteins

A

opiates (pain relievers)

79
Q

dracunculus medinensis:

diagnostic stage:
infective stage:
definitive host:
intermediate host:
paratenic host:
A

diagnostic stage: L1 larva
infective stage: L3 larva in cyclops copepods
definitive host: man
intermediate host: cyclops and copepods (diaptomus)
paratenic host: frogs and fishes

80
Q

trichinella spiralis

common name:
diagnostic stage:
infective stage:
definitive host:
intermediate host:
treatment of choice:
A 
common name: trichina worm
diagnostic stage &infective stage: encysted larva
humans and other animals can also be 
- definitive host
- intermediate host
final host: humans
(Alternations of different hosts in order to complete the
life cycle of Trichinella spiralis)
treatment: mebendazole and albendazole
81
Q

enumerate the 3 phases of infection for trichinella spiralis

A
  1. Enteric Phase - incubation & intestinal invasion
  2. Invasion Phase - larval migration & muscle invasion
  3. Convalescent Phase - encystment & encapsulation
82
Q

most typical symptom present with E. vermicularis infection

A

PRURITUS ANI

83
Q

Enterobius vermicularis:

common name:
habitat:
definitive host:
autoinfection?
dioecious or monoecious?
monoxenous or heteroxenous?
disease:
A

common name: pinworm or seatworm
habitat: large intestine (cecum)
definitive host: humans
autoinfection? yes
dioecious or monoecious? dioecious (since separate sexes)
monoxenous or heteroxenous? monoxenous (bc 1 host)
disease: enterobiasis or oxyuriasis

84
Q

caused by rapidly moving Strongyloides stercoralis filariform larvae

A

Serpiginous larva currens

85
Q

caused by slow-moving filariform larvae of hookworm

A

Ground itch

86
Q

The pathology of hookworm infection involves what part of organ in human

A
  1. skin - point of entry
  2. lung - larval migration
  3. small intestine - habitat
87
Q

Adult worm ___________ causing granuloma
formation replacing normal liver cells allowing the
person to suffer from hepatomegaly, liver failure

A

Capillaria hepatica

87
Q

parasites that have Loeffler’s syndrome

A

ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, and hookworms

88
Q

onchocerca volvulus

Diagnostic stage:
Infective stage: 
Definitive host: human
Intermediate host:
habitat:
A 
Diagnostic stage: microfilaria
Infective stage: Third stage larva (L3)
Definitive host: human 
Intermediate host: black fly
habitat: subcutaneous nodules, lymphatic
89
Q

enumerate the microfilaria worm with sheath in their structure:

A
  1. wuchereria bancrofti
  2. brugia malayi
  3. loa loa

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