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nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Loefflers syndrome is seen in infection with:

A

ascaris and trichuris and hookworms

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2
Q

Rectal prolapse is seen in severe infection with:

A

trichuris trichiura

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3
Q

If a nematode has 3-5 rows of muscles in each quadrant of its body, it is classified as:

A

meromyarian

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4
Q

What is the importance of the hypodermis of nematodes?

a. provides support to the muscles
b. involved in the movement of the nematode worm
c. synthesis of cuticle
d. circulation of nutrients and removal of waste

A

c. synthesis of cuticle

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Trichuris trichiura?

A

unembryonated ovum

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6
Q

enumerate the parasites causing autoinfection

A
  1. hymenolepis nana
  2. taenia solium
  3. enterobius vermicularis
  4. capillaria philippinensis
  5. strongyloides stercoralis
  6. trichinella spiralis
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7
Q

common name of trichuris trichiura

A

whipworm

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8
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the circulatory system of nematodes?

a. accompanied with lymphatic circulation
b. composed of venous and arterial blood supply
c. absent
d. has two hearts that function to pump blood

A

c. absent

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9
Q

The nerve ganglion of the nervous system of nematodes is found ________________

A

around the pharynx

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10
Q

Identify the intestinal nematode that thrives in the large intestine that is classified as Phasmid.

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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11
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides adult worms live in what part of the human body?

A

small intestine

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12
Q

In the shell of Ascaris lumbricoides ovum, what is found in the middle portion?

A

chitin

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13
Q

drugs that can be used to treat Ascariasis

A

pyrantel pamoate
albendazole
mebendazole

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14
Q

The egg of _______________ is described as football in shape with prominent bipolar plugs.

A

Trichuris trichiura

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15
Q

Which of the following parasites can be acquired through ingestion of raw vegetables with filariform larva?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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16
Q

Which parasite has autoinfection due to the persence of larviparous females?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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17
Q

Where is the habitat of Enterobius vermicularis in the human body?

A

large intestine

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18
Q

All of the following worms have larva lung migration in their life cycles EXCEPT:

a. Enterobius vermicularis
b. Strongyloides stercoralis
c. Ascaris lumbricoides
d. Ancylostoma duodenale
e. Necator americanus

A

a. Enterobius vermicularis

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19
Q

Which of the following worms have parthenogenetic females?

a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Necator americanus
c. Strongyloides stercoralis
d. Enterobius vermicularis
e. Ancylostoma duodenale

A

c. Strongyloides stercoralis

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20
Q

What is the only intracellular parasitic nematode among the worms in the choices?

a. S. stercoralis
b. A. duodenale
c. T. spiralis
d. E. vermicularis

A

Trichinella spiralis

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21
Q

What is the role of humans in the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

A

final host, definitive host, and intermediate host

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22
Q

Which of the following parasites can be transmitted from one human host to another via cannibalism?

a. E. vermicularis
b. A. duodenale
c. S. stercoralis
d. C. philippinensis
e. T. spiralis

A

Trichinella spiralis

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23
Q

The presence of the adult stage of this parasite in the human host causes atrophy of the villi due to ulcer formation and mechanical compression?

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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24
Q

What is the common name of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

threadworm

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25
The ____________ larvae of hookworms and threadworms are differentiated using their buccal cavity and genital primordium?
rhabditiform
26
Cephalic alae are found in the adult worms of _________________________
Enterobius vermicularis
27
Which parasite can cause iron deficiency anemia?
Ancylostoma duodenale
28
What is the role of predatory fishes and squids in the life cycle of Anisakis?
paratenic hosts
29
Filtering water or boiling it prevents the transmission of infection with:
dracunculus medinensis
30
common name of Dracunculus medinensis
fiery serpent worm
31
What is the infective stage of D. meninensis?
L3 larva
32
Upon examination of CSF from a patient infected with P. cantonensis, the presence of which white blood cell will be helpful in the diagnosis?
eosinophils
33
common name of parastrongylus cantonensis
rat lung worm
34
T or F: The pathogenesis or the tissue destruction in Dracunculiasis is primarily because of the male adult worms.
FALSE
35
worm that has two nuclei at its end
brugia malayi
36
What stage of brugia malayi is causing the tissue damage and the disease process in the definitive host?
adult stage
37
What is the diagnostic specimen recommended for the diagnosis of the infection with Onchocerca volvulus?
skin snip
38
All have sheated microfilariae EXCEPT:
Onchocerca volvulus | mansonella spp
39
What is the role of dogs and cats in the life of Toxocara species?
definitive host
40
What is the infective stage of dog roundworm to humans?
encysted larva & embryonated ovum
41
Give the Genus name of the arthropod vector of eye worm?
chrysops fly
42
What drug is given to patients to address the problem with Wolbachia bacteria?
doxycycline
43
What drug is usually given to make the microfilariae of B. malayi and W. bancrofti go out of the pulmonary vessels into the peripheral blood to allow daytime collection of the specimen?
diethylcarbamazine
44
After losing their sheath in the midgut of mosquitoes, the L1 larvae of B. malayi and W. bancrofti will encyst themselves in the ______ of the mosquito
throcic muscles
45
Skin snip is done to diagnose which of the following dieases?
onchocerciasis
46
Term that refers to milky urine that is formed by the blockage of retroperitoneal lymph nodes
chyluria
47
Among the 3 types of toxocariasis, hidden or the mild form of toxocariasis is also known as ___________
covert
48
Which of the following conditions is most likely caused by Streptococcus bacteria?
acute dermatolymphangiodenitis (ADLA)
49
a drug that has same adverse effects as DEC but are milder and must be given for one year
ivermectin
50
drug for Anti-Wolbachia
Doxycycline
51
drugs for the management of filariasis
Diethylcarbamazine (kills the filarial worm) + Doxycycline (kills the bacteria)
52
``` diagnostic specimen for w. bancrofti b. malayi loa loa m. perstans m. ozzardi ```
blood specimen
53
drug of choice for mansonella streptocerca
ivermectin
54
vector for Mansonella spp:
Cullicoides midge
55
The most common display of infection is the localized allergic inflammations that signify the migration of the adult worm in the tissues away from the injection site by the vector
Calabar Swelling
56
rupture of lymphatics in the kidney secondary to the blockage of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes
Chyluria
57
Results in the obstruction of lymphatics of the testes
Hydrocoele
58
Characterized by lymphangitis that progresses distally along the vessel producing a “palpable” cord
Acute Filarial Lymphangitis (AFL)
59
worm that can cause elephantiasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
60
Individuals with thousands to millions motile microfilariae in PBS (peripheral blood smear) but no symptoms identifies that they are what type of host
reservoir host
61
Inhibition of ______ cells was seen in Brugia infection
CD4 T cells
62
parasite-induced endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation leading to collateralization
Lymphangiogenesis
63
parasite-induced lymphatic dilatation
Lymphangiectasis
64
common name for Wuchereria bancrofti
Bancroft’s Filarial worm
65
common name for Brugia malayi
Malayan Filarial worm
66
most commonly affected part in Host-adult with the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti
lower lymphatic
67
Upper lymphatic is the most common affected part for the Host-adult in what parasite
Brugia malayi
68
diagnostic stage for w. bancrofti and b. malayi
microfilaria
69
infective stage for w. bancrofti and b. malayi
la filariform
70
Diagnostic stage of Toxocara spp.
encysted larva in tissue
71
what do u call a uterine tubes that is wound spirally around the intestine of a female parastrongylus cantonensis
Barber’s Pole pattern
72
differentiate the rhabditiform of strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms
s. stercoralis: short buccal cavity & prominent genital primordium hookworm: long buccal cavity & small genital primordium
73
treatment for parastrongylus cantonensis
mebendazole and albendazole
74
role of man in the life cycle of parastrongylus cantonensis | what is the intermediate host?
accidental host | I.H: snails or slugs
75
common name for Anisakis simplex
- Herring worm - Sealworm - Codworm
76
common name for Dracunculus medinensis
- Guinea Worm | - Fiery Serpent
77
dracunculus medinensis that reaches CNS will cause
paraplegia
78
The worms prevent pain by secreting __________and dodge | the immune system by coating themselves with human proteins
opiates (pain relievers)
79
dracunculus medinensis: ``` diagnostic stage: infective stage: definitive host: intermediate host: paratenic host: ```
diagnostic stage: L1 larva infective stage: L3 larva in cyclops copepods definitive host: man intermediate host: cyclops and copepods (diaptomus) paratenic host: frogs and fishes
80
trichinella spiralis ``` common name: diagnostic stage: infective stage: definitive host: intermediate host: treatment of choice: ```
``` common name: trichina worm diagnostic stage &infective stage: encysted larva humans and other animals can also be - definitive host - intermediate host final host: humans (Alternations of different hosts in order to complete the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis) treatment: mebendazole and albendazole ```
81
enumerate the 3 phases of infection for trichinella spiralis
1. Enteric Phase - incubation & intestinal invasion 2. Invasion Phase - larval migration & muscle invasion 3. Convalescent Phase - encystment & encapsulation
82
most typical symptom present with E. vermicularis infection
PRURITUS ANI
83
Enterobius vermicularis: ``` common name: habitat: definitive host: autoinfection? dioecious or monoecious? monoxenous or heteroxenous? disease: ```
common name: pinworm or seatworm habitat: large intestine (cecum) definitive host: humans autoinfection? yes dioecious or monoecious? dioecious (since separate sexes) monoxenous or heteroxenous? monoxenous (bc 1 host) disease: enterobiasis or oxyuriasis
84
caused by rapidly moving Strongyloides stercoralis filariform larvae
Serpiginous larva currens
85
caused by slow-moving filariform larvae of hookworm
Ground itch
86
The pathology of hookworm infection involves what part of organ in human
1. skin - point of entry 2. lung - larval migration 3. small intestine - habitat
87
Adult worm ___________ causing granuloma formation replacing normal liver cells allowing the person to suffer from hepatomegaly, liver failure
Capillaria hepatica
87
parasites that have Loeffler’s syndrome
ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, and hookworms
88
onchocerca volvulus ``` Diagnostic stage: Infective stage: Definitive host: human Intermediate host: habitat: ```
``` Diagnostic stage: microfilaria Infective stage: Third stage larva (L3) Definitive host: human Intermediate host: black fly habitat: subcutaneous nodules, lymphatic ```
89
enumerate the microfilaria worm with sheath in their structure:
1. wuchereria bancrofti 2. brugia malayi 3. loa loa

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