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Intro to para Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following examples is NOT a direct effect of parasites?

a. fibrosis of the liver due to deposited ova
b. mechanical injury caused by expanding hydatid cyst
c. all are direct effects of parasite
d. synthesis of toxic substances by the parasite
e. deprivation of nutrients

A

a. fibrosis of the liver due to deposited ova

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2
Q

_______ hosts are hosts that act as temporary refuge so that the parasite will be acquired by the target host. in these type of hosts, the parasite does not undergo any development.

A

paratenic host

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3
Q

A type of symbiotic relationship where both living organisms benefit from each other.

A

mutualism

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4
Q

________ parasites are that are found in organ not their usual habitat in humans.

A

erratic or abberant

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5
Q

______ refers to the presence of ectoparasites in the human body.

A

infestation

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6
Q

Due to his significant weight loss, Lester Basa Jr was brought by her mother Rhodora Marie to the clinic of Dr. Julia Alexia Soriano. Stool exam was requested. Test revealed the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides ova. Dr. Soriano then prescribed an antihelminthic drug to the patient. This is an example of ________ treatment.

a. selective
b. targeted
c. universal

A

a. selective

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7
Q

Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis, can be spread by houseflies and cockroaches. After these arthropods would come in contact with fecal material, they transfer the infective stage of E. histolytica to food or drinks. Cockroaches and houseflies in this case are ______ vectors

A

mechanical

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8
Q

The _______ stage is the stage of the parasite that can initiate infection to the susceptible host.

A

infective stage

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9
Q

Parasites that only visit the host during feeding time.

A

intermittent or temporary parasite

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10
Q

Parasites that can exist as parasites or as free-living organisms.

A

facultative

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11
Q

_______ hosts are hosts that harbor the adult or sexual stage of the parasite .

A

definitive host

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12
Q

Is one that wanders into an organ in which it is

usually not found.

A

Erratic or Aberrant Parasite

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13
Q

E. histolytica reaching liver from intestine is an example of what classification of parasite

A

Erratic or Aberrant Parasite

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14
Q

Organisms that have been swallowed and passed through the alimentary tract without
causing any effect

A

Spurious / Coprozoic Parasite

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15
Q

Parasite requires the presence of an intermediate host to complete its life cycle

A

indirect life cycle

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16
Q

A host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite

A

natural host

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17
Q

role of man Echinococcus granulosus is an example of what classification of host

A

accidental host

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18
Q

direct effect of the parasite that may be inflicted by a parasite by means of pressure as it grows larger

A

Mechanical injury

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19
Q

hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus in blood vessels and the adult worms in the intestine are an example of what effect of the parasite

A

direct effect: mechanical injury

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20
Q

Deleterious effect of toxic substances

A

direct effect

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21
Q

tissue damaging enzymes of E. histolytica is what type of effect and specific effect?

A

direct effect: Deleterious effect of toxic substances

22
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum competes with the host for Vitamin B12 what type of effect

A

Deprivation of nutrients, fluids, and metabolites

23
Q

Excessive proliferation of certain tissues due to invasion by some parasites canal so cause tissue damage in man (what type of effect of the parasite on the host?)

A

indirect effect

24
Q

An organism which not only transports a pathogen but also plays a role in the life
cycle of the pathogen

A

biological vector

25
Q

what mode of transmission (Pubic louse and Trichomonas vaginalis)

A

sexually transmitted

26
Q

(Enterobius vermicularis) mode of transmission?

A

airborne transmission

27
Q

Occurs when an individual become his direct source of infection

A

autoinfection

28
Q

Time between infection and evidence of symptoms

A

Clinical Incubation Period

29
Q

Time between infection and acquisition of the parasite as demonstration of the infection

A

Biologic Incubation Period

30
Q

Some parasites can change the antigenic compositions of their surfaces

A

antigen variation

31
Q

“virgin birth”

A

Parthenogenesis

32
Q

Echinococcus granulosus in hydatid cyst produces P antigen on its surface

A

Host mimicry

33
Q

Toxoplasma, Trypanosoma, and Leishmania parasites multiply within the cytoplasm of
macrophages thus they can evade phagocytosis

A

Intracellular sequestration

34
Q

Cuticle covering of worms can prevent phagocytosis and protect them from cytokines
and complement proteins

A

Resistance to immune response

35
Q

Group level deworming where the group to be treated (w/out priori diagnosis) may be defined by age, sex, or other social characteristics irrespective of infection status

A

Targeted treatment

36
Q

Individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on diagnosis of infection and severity

A

Selective treatment

37
Q

Population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex, infection status, or other social characteristics

A

Universal treatment

38
Q

Regular, systematic, large scale intervention involving the administration of one or more drugs to selected population with the aim of reducing morbidity and transmission

A

Preventive chemotherapy

39
Q

organisms have separate sexes

A

dioecious

40
Q

organisms are hermaphrodites

A

monoecious

41
Q

Flat and unsegmented

A

trematodes or flukes

42
Q

Flat and segmented

A

cesstodes or tapeworms

43
Q

Bilaterally symmetrical

A

nematodes or roundworms

44
Q

Both sexes are rounded anterior end and tapering or blunted end

A

nematodes

45
Q

penis-like structure

A

Spicule

46
Q

have probing & penetrating motion that enables the worm to move and go through the entire area of the small/large intestine

A

Longitudinal muscles

47
Q

fluid-filled space within the bodies of roundworm (not covered by membrane)

A

Pseudocele

48
Q

identify the four (4) peripheral nerves that are found to run along the body

A

1 ventral nerve or cord
1 dorsal nerve or cord
2 lateral nerves or cords

49
Q

Cuticular depressions present on the lips surrounding the mouth in the nematodes

A

Amphids

50
Q

Similar to amphids but are found at the tail

A

Phasmids

Para (8 decks)

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