Neisseriacae

Question 1

Neisseria gram stain

Answer 1

Gram negative

Question 2

Neisseria microscope morphology

Answer 2

Bean-shaped, diplococci

Question 3

Neisseria motility and spores

Answer 3

Nonmotile, nonsporeforming

Question 4

Neisseria oxygen requirements

Answer 4

Aerobic or micro aero Philip

Question 5

Neisseria pathogenic species requirements

Answer 5

Must have a capsule, and requires complex media with CO2

Question 6

Neisseria catalase and oxidase presence

Answer 6

Produce both catalase and cytochrome oxidase

Question 7

Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors

Answer 7

Pili, protein 1 (POR), protein 2 (OPA), protein 3 (RMP),

Capsule, IgA1, Outer membrane proteins, lipoologosaccaride (like LPS)

Question 8

Neisseria gonorrhoeae pili

Answer 8

Used to block attachment, antigenic/ anti-phagocytic

Question 9

Neisseria gonorrhoeae protein 1 (POR)

Answer 9

Porin protein. Protects against inflammation and complement system

Question 10

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein 2 (OPA)

Answer 10

Causes phagocytosis into phagocytic PMNS (induction of endocytic uptake)

Question 11

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Protein 3 (RMP)

Answer 11

Blocks IgG activity to prevent immune destruction

Question 12

Neisseria gonorrhoeae capsule

Answer 12

Anti-phagocytic

Question 13

Neisseria gonorrhoeae IgA1

Answer 13

Protease cleaves IgA to allow mucosal attachment

Question 14

Neisseria gonorrhoeae OMP

Answer 14

Outer membrane proteins enable acquisition of iron under limiting conditions (vital nutrient to bacteria)

Question 15

Neisseria gonorrhoeae LOS

Answer 15

Like LPS= endotoxins. Causes mucous membrane damage, fever and toxicity.

Question 16

Neisseria gonorrhoeae concomitant infection

Answer 16

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 17

Neisseria gonorrhoeae symtoms

Answer 17

Burning while urinating, and increased frequency. Purple to discharge (white, yellow, or green) filled with bacteria. Acute urethritis. Epididymitis (tender or swollen testicles in men).
Could also cause sore throat in gonococcal pharyngitis or a rectal infection

Question 18

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection complications

Answer 18

Pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Could cause endometriosis, blockage/ degradation of the Fallopian tubes, sterility, or ectopic pregnancy

Question 19

Neisseria gonorrhoeae in newborns

Answer 19

Could become infected as they pass through the birth canal. Could cause eye infection that leads to blindness. Prevented with erythromycin eye drops at birth

Question 20

Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnosis

Answer 20

Gram stain: gram negative intracellular (neutrophils) diplococci
Culture of sample taken from body cavity and grown on blood agar, or PCR of urine samples (expensive way to diagnose)

Question 21

Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment

Answer 21

Ceftriaxone (rocephin) plus 7 days of doxycycline or azithromycin to treat possible coexisting chlamydia trachomatis

Question 22

Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors

Answer 22

Same as ghonorheal:

Polysaccharide Capsule, pili, LOS, iron acquisition, POR protein, OPA protien, RMP protein, IgA protease

Question 23

Neisseria meningitidis epidemiology

Answer 23

Humans are a reservoir, w/ 3-30% colonized. Prevalent cause of meningitis, especially in those living in close quarters; young children and young adults 10-20 years old.
Bacteria multiplies in the meninges upon entering the blood stream

Question 24

Neisseria meningitis pathogenesis

Answer 24

Rapidly progressive form of the disease. Mortality rate 10-14%
Fever, headache, stiffness of back and neck, petechial rash (sparse red dots). Fatal if not treated with rigorous antimicrobial regimen
For patients who recover, 11-19% will have permanent hearing loss or mental retardation, especially in small children.

Question 25

Neisseria meningitidis meningococcemia

Answer 25

Mortality: 19-70%
High fever, shaking chill, petechial rash, muscle pain
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome If fulminant
Disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhaging into the skin, rapid death due to acute generalized toxemia and shock (due to LOS endotoxins). Surviving patients may lose their limbs to necrotic gangrene

Question 26

Neisseria meningitidis clinical diagnosis

Answer 26

Gram stain of cerebral spinal fluid, blood, or nasopharyngeal sample
Culture for differentiation
Rapid (cassette) test for capsular antigen available

Question 27

Neisseria meningitidis treatment and prevention

Answer 27

Hospitalized, treated with IV penicillin G, chloramphenicol (which is hard on the body), and either erythromycin or rosephrine.
Prophylaxis antibiotics given to everyone in the same house/ dorm
Vaccines available and often required for college students