Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 Flashcards
1
Short title
Saving of usages relating to hundis, etc
,
2
[Repealed
3
Interpretation-clause
4
“Promissory note”
5
“Bill of exchange”
6
“Cheque”
7
“Drawer”, “Drawee”
8
“Holder”
9
“Holder in due course”
10
“Payment in due course”
11
Inland instrument
12
Foreign instrument
13
“Negotiable instrument”
14
Negotiation
15
Indorsement
16
Indorsement “in blank” and “in full”
17
Ambiguous instruments
18
Where amount is stated differently in figures and words
19
Instruments payable on demand
20
Inchoate stamped instruments
21
“At sight” —“On presentment”
22
“Maturity”
23
Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many months after date or sight
24
Calculating maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date or sight
25
When day of maturity is a holiday
26
Capacity to make, etc
27
Agency
28
Liability of agent signing
29
Liability of legal representative signing
30
Liability of drawer
31
Liability of drawee of cheque
32
Liability of maker of note and acceptor of bill
33
Only drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour
34
Acceptance by several drawees not partners
35
Liability of indorser
36
Liability of prior parties to holder in due course
37
Maker, drawer and acceptor principals
38
Prior party a principal in respect of each subsequent party
39
Surety ship
40
Discharge of indorser’s liability
41
Acceptor bound, although indorsement forged
42
Acceptance of bill drawn in fictitious name
43
Negotiable instrument made, etc
44
Partial absence or failure of money-consideration
45
Partial failure of consideration not consisting of money
45A
Holder’s right to duplicate of lost bill
46
Delivery
47
Negotiation by delivery
48
Negotiation by indorsement
49
Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
50
Effect of indorsement
51
Who may negotiate
52
Indorser who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional
53
Holder deriving title from holder in due course
54
Instrument indorsed in blank
55
Conversion of indorsement in blank into indorsement in full
56
Indorsement for part of sum due
57
Legal representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument indorsed by deceased
58
Instrument obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration
59
Instrument acquired after dishonour or when overdue
60
Instrument negotiable till payment or satisfaction
61
Presentment for acceptance
62
Presentment of promissory note for sight
63
Drawee’s time for deliberation
64
Presentment for payment
65
Hours for presentment
66
Presentment for payment of instrument payable after date or sight
67
Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by instalments
68
Presentment for payment of instrument payable at specified place and not elsewhere
69
Instrument payable at specified place
70
Presentment where no exclusive place specified
71
Presentment when maker, etc, has no known place of business or residence
72
Presentment of cheque to charge drawer
73
Presentment of cheque to charge any other person
74
Presentment of instrument payable on demand
75
Presentment by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee of insolvent
75A
Excuse for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment
76
When presentment unnecessary
77
Liability of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented for payment
78
To whom payment should be made
79
Interest when rate specified
80
Interest when no rate specified
81
Delivery of instrument on payment or indemnity in case of loss
82
Discharge from liability
83
Discharge by allowing drawee more than forty-eight hours to accept
84
When cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby
85
Cheque payable to order
85A
Drafts drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order
86
Parties not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance
87
Effect of material alteration
88
Acceptor or indorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration
89
Payment of instrument on which alteration is not apparent
90
Extinguishment of rights of action on bill in acceptors’ hands
91
Dishonour by non-acceptance
92
Dishonour by non-payment
93
By and to whom notice should be given
94
Mode in which notice may be given
95
Party receiving must transmit notice of dishonour
96
Agent for presentment
97
When party to whom notice given is dead
98
When notice of dishonour is unnecessary
99
Noting
100
Protest
101
Contents of protest
102
Notice of protest
103
Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance
104
Protest of foreign bills
104A
When noting equivalent to protest
105
Reasonable time
106
Reasonable time of giving notice of dishonour
107
Reasonable time for transmitting such notice
108
Acceptance for honour
109
How acceptance for honour must be made
110
Acceptance not specifying for whose honour it is made
111
Liability of acceptor for honour
112
When acceptor for honour may be charged
113
Payment for honour
114
Right of payer for honour
115
Drawee in case of need
116
Acceptance and payment without protest
117
Rules as to compensation
118
Presumptions as to negotiable instruments
119
Presumption on proof of protest
120
Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument
121
Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse
122
Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party
123
Cheque crossed generally
124
Cheque crossed specially
125
Crossing after issue
126
Payment of cheque crossed generally
127
Payment of cheque crossed specially more than once
128
Payment in due course of crossed cheque
129
Payment of crossed cheque out of due course
130
Cheque bearing “not negotiable”
131
Non-liability of banker receiving payment of cheque
131A
Application of Chapter to drafts
132
Set of bills
133
Holder of first acquired part entitled to
134
Law governing liability of maker, acceptor or indorser of foreign instrument
135
Law of place of payment governs dishonour
136
Instrument made, etc, out of India, but in accordance with the law of India
137
Presumption as to foreign law
138
Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc , of funds in the account
139
Presumption in favour of holder
140
Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section
141
Offences by companies
142
Cognizance of offences
142A
Validation for transfer of pending cases
143
Power of Court to try cases summarily
143A
Power to direct interim compensation
144
Mode of service of summons
145
Evidence on affidavit
146
Bank’s slip prima facie evidence of certain facts
147
Offences to be compoundable
148
Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction
