Neer Chapters 5-6 Flashcards
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Greek tiling systems, including C – mainland system with antefixes along the roofline; and D – western system with a continuous sima and gutter spouts along the roofline.
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Thermon, Temple of Apollo. Drawing showing a possible reconstruction of an early Doric wooden entablature.
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Typical plans of Greek Temples. A – Corfu, Temple of Artemis; B – Syracuse, Temple of Apollo. Both early 6th century BCE. The difference between Western and mainland ground plans is just a rule of thumb, with exceptions.
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Some typical plans of Greek temples.
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Chariot wheels discovered in the outer colonnade of the temple of Kalapodi. Excavation is ongoing, but a 7th-6th century date seems likely.
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Basic elements of the Doric and Ionic orders. A – Doric; B – Ionic.
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Smyrna, Temple of Athena: reconstruction drawing; c. 610 BCE. This temple employed the Aeolic order, a predecessor of Ionic. The column capitals show variation, while adhering to a single, basic format.
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Isthmia (near Corinth), Temple of Poseidon: reconstruction drawing. First half of the 7th century BCE.
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Syracuse, Temple of Apollo; c. 590-580 NCE. Photograph also shows how much the ground level has risen in the last 2,600 years: the modern street is visible in the background. See 5.3 for the ground plan.
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Phases of the sanctuary at Thermon in Aitolia, from the Bronze Age to c. 630 BCE. The apsidal Megaron A, of the Bronze Age, was probably still standing when the first Geometric temple – Megaron B – was built. Megaron B was then replaced with the Doric temple discussed in this chapter.
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Thermon, Temple of Apollo, metope: Perseus with the head of Medusa. Terracotta; c. 630 BCE. Perseus is running to the right, wearing a short tunic and a black cap. At lower left his foot overlaps the metope’s decorative border. The eyes of Medusa peep out from a shoulder bag under his arm.
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Ridgepole cap from Gela: Medusa. Terracotta; mid-5th century BCE. Would have shielded wooden ridgepole from the elements.
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Corfu, Temple of Artemis: pediment: drawing and detail. Limestone; c. 590 BCE. At center Medusa and offspring, flanked by panthers; in the corners, Battle of Gods and Giants. Pediment assembled out of nearly twenty slabs of stone.
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Corfu, Temple of Artemis: side view of a slab of the pediment. Limestone; c. 590 BCE. Slab comes from the left corner of the pediment.
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Athens, Temple of Athena Polias: fragment of pediment, showing a lion attacking a bull. Limestone; c. 560 BCE. Compare 5.22.
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Metope of Selinus (Sicily), Temple C, showing Athena, Perseus, Medusa, and Pegasus. Limestone; mid-6th century BCE.
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Delphi, votive sphinx dedicated by the Naxians, atop an Ionic column. Marble; c. 570 BCE.
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Delos, sanctuary of Apollo: reconstruction drawing of the “Oikos of the Naxians” (first Temple of Apollo). Early 6th century.
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Ephesus, Temple of Artemis: reconstructed façade and plan showing successive phases. The Ionic temple dates to after c. 560 BCE. Figures of maidens and men in procession decorate the columns; in this restoration they are placed near the tops of the columns, but some scholars place them at the bottom.
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- Lydian coin from the foundation of the Temple of the Artemis at Ephesus. Gold; c. 560 BCE. Front shows a lion attacking a bull; back has a punch.
- East Greek coin inscribed in Greek as “the sign of Phanes.” Electrum; late 7th-early 6th century BCE. Front has a stag; back has a punch.
- Coin of Phokaia. Electrum; c. 600-550 BCE. Front shows a seal; back has a punch.
- Four-drachma coin of Syracuse. Silver; c. 485-480 BCE. Front shows Arethusa, the nymph of the city’s spring, surrounded by dolphins; back shows the horses of the city’s tyrant being crowned for victory in a race.
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Stamped coin from Kroton in southern Italy. Silver; c. 530-510 BCE. Front shows a tripod; back has a “negative” version of the same thing.
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East Greek pitcher with handle in the form of a god holding two lions by the tail (“Master of Animals”). Silver; c. 550-525 BCE. One of 363 silver and gold objects looted from tombs in Turkey and purchased by the Met. In 1993 all of the items were returned to Turkey as stolen property.
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Tripod stand with rod legs from Metapontion. Style reflects Lakonian influence. Bronze; mid-6th century BCE. Compare with 4.9.
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(Krater)
Lakonian volute krater from Vix, France. Bronze; c. 530-520 BCE.
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Lakonian black-figure cup by the Hunt Painter: Cerberus led from the Underworld, with fighting cocks below. Ceramic; c. 550-525 BCE.
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Early Corinthian (EC) krater. Ceramic; c. 600 BCE. A – general view; B – detail: Herakles, at right, stares at the daughter of Eurytios as the chats with her brother.
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Middle Corinthian (MC) oil flask, or aryballos (worn on the arm). Ceramic; c. 590-570 BCE. A – general view; B – drawing. Polyterpos plays pipes; in front Pyrvias makes a leap as leader of a boys’ chorus. See 6.17.
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Attic black-figure eye-cup by Exekias: exterior. Ceramic; c. 540 BCE. At the handles, warriors battle over corpses. For interior of the cup, see 5.40.
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Chalcidian eye-cup; attributed to the Phineus Painter. Ceramic; c. 520 BCE.
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Late Corinthian (LC) amphora by the Tydeus Painter: Tydeus kills his wife, Ismene, while her lover, Periklymenos, flees. Ceramic; c. 560 BCE.
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Attic black-figure oil flask (aryballos) signed by Nearkhos. Ceramic; c. 570 BCE. On the handle are masturbating satyrs; on the rim (not shown), a mock-heroic battle of pygmies vs. cranes.
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Attic black-figure cup attributed to Tleson, son of Nearkhos. Ceramic; end of 6th century BCE. On the band, cocks fight over hens.
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Attic black-figure volute krater (the Francois Vase) signed by Kleitias as painter and Ergotimos as maker. Ceramic; c. 575 BCE. A – detail of front, showing the Kalydonian Boar hunt, the funeral games of Patroklos, and the wedding of Peleus and Thetis; Dionysus at lower right, holding an amphora on his shoulder. B – General view of back of vase, showing Theseus, Ariadne and the Athenians dancing, the battle of Lapiths and Centaurs, the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Dionysos leading Hephaistos to Olympos, sphinxes and animals; on the foot, pygmies vs. cranes.
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Attic black-figure “Nikosthenic” amphora. Ceramic; later 6th century BCE. On the shoulder a Greek fights an Amazon, with sphinxes to either side. Placement and shapes of the figures echo the large floral patterns on the neck and belly of the pot.
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Attic black-figure eye-cup with coral ground by Exekias. Ceramic; c. 540 BCE. Dionysus reclines on a ship as though it were a couch at a drinking party, while Etruscan pirates swim about, having been transformed into dolphins. For exterior of the cup, see 5.33.
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Attic black-figure amphora by Exekias. Ceramic; c. 550-540 BCE. Ajax prepares to commit suicide. At left is a drooping tree, a rare landscape element in Greek vase painting.
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Attic black-figure amphora by the Amasis Painter. Ceramic; c. 530 BCE. A – the countryside: maenads bring a hare to Dionysos. B – the city: Athena and Poseidon, chief deities on the Athenian Akropolis.
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Caeretan hydria: Perseus fighting the sea monster. Ceramic; c. 530-510 BCE.
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Kouros from a grave near Phoinikia in Attica. Naxian marble; c. 590 BCE. Wears a necklace.
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Goddess (?) suckling infants, from a cemetery at Megara Hyblaia in Sicily. Limestone; mid-6th century BCE. Western Greeks seem to have adopted this type of statue from local populations; it would be out of place in a mainland Greek cemetery.
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Kore representing Philippe from the Genelaos dedication in the sanctuary of Hera at Samos. Marble; c. 550-540 BCE. Distinctive East Greek or Samian type. Compare to 10.12 to closely related Cycladic type. Dedication in 6.22.
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Kouros from the Ptoion sanctuary in Boeotia. Marble; c. 530-520 BCE.
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Colossal kouros dedicated by Iskhys at the sanctuary of Hera on Samos. Marble; c. 560 BCE. Compare burly figure from Boeotia with fleshy one from Samos; different ideals of manly beauty.
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Kouros from a grave near Phoinikia in Attica. Marble; c. 560 BCE. Excavated illegally an smuggled out of Greece in the early 20th century; sawed in the middle for transport. Sometimes called the “Anavysos kouros” or “Croesus.”
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Equestrian statue from the Athenian Acropolis (the Rampin Rider). Marble; c. 550 BCE.
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Herm from the island of Siphnos. Marble; c. 520 BCE. Figures of this type are only slightly more detailed than the Apollo in 4.28. Gives a good idea what Attic herms looked like.
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Votive relief from the island of Thasos. Marble; late 6th century BCE. Stolen from an archaeological excavation in the 1950s and purchased by J. Paul Getty; recently returned to Greece.
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Votive kore from the Athenian Acropolis, probably an image of Artemis (the Peplos Kore). Marble; c. 530-525 BCE.
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Didyma, Temple of Apollo: column drum with female worshipper. Marble; c. 550-530 BCE.
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Votive kore from the Athenian Acropolis (the Pomegranate Kore). Marble; c. 560 BCE.
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Funerary kore from Attica (the Berlin Goddess). Marble; c. 560 BCE.
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Funerary kore of Phrasikleia, signed by Aristion of Paros, from Merenda in Attica. Marble; c. 540 BCE.
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Votive kore from the Athenian Acropolis. Marble; c. 520-500 BCE.
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Grave stele of Aristion, signed by Aristokles, from Velanidera in Attica. Marble; c. 510 BCE. Aristion wears the armor of a hoplite; face was probably painted a different color from rest of body.
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Grave stele, probably from Anavysos in Attica (the Brother and Sister Stele). Marble; c. 530-520 BCE. Smuggled out of Greece in the early 20th century and now divided between museums in the US and Germany (image is of plaster cast and original combined). Large figure wears an aryballos.
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Grave stele of a boxer from the Kerameikos cemetery in Athens. Marble; c. 550-525 BCE. The boxer holds his fist before his face; wrist and forearm are visible, crisscrossed with straps for securing knuckle-guards.
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Athena (Palladion) from Gortyn, Crete. Terracotta; c. 660-650 BCE. Compare 3.32 and 8.24 (smiting pose).
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Head of a nymph from a shrine near Syracuse (the Laganello Head). Limestone; c. 580-570 BCE. Probably the oldest stone cult image to survive from the Archaic Greek world.
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Portrait of Khares from the entry into the sanctuary of Apollo at Didyma. Marble; c. 530 BCE. More than a dozen such figures have been found at Didyma, now at museums around the world.
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Family dedication from the sanctuary of Hera on Samos. Marble; c. 550-540 BCE. Only part of the dedicant’s name survives. Genelaos signed as sculptor.
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Calf-Bearer dedicated to Athena by Rhonbos, from the Athenian Akropolis. Marble; c. 560 BCE.
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Nike, goddess of victory, from Delos. Marble; c. 550 BCE. Often associated with a base signed by the sculptor Arkhermos found nearby.
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Heads of two terracotta sphinxes, both probably made by Corinthian craftsmen. Left – from temple of Artemis at Kalydon; c. 550 BCE. Right – from Thebes, c. 540-520 BCE.
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Boeotian board idol. Terracotta; mid-6th century BCE. Compare 4.33.
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Scent bottle in the form of a kore. East Greek, perhaps from Miletos. Terracotta; c. 550 BCE.
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Bust of Demeter from the region of Gela in Sicily. Terracotta; c. 510 BCE.
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Apollo statuette from inside the temple at Metropolis in Thessaly. Bronze; mid-6th century BCE. Compare 3.32 and 3.33 (smiting pose).
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Hoplite figurine from the sanctuary of Apollo at Longa in Messenia. Bronze; c. 540-520 BCE.
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Figurine of a running girl, possibly Lakonian, from the sanctuary of Zeus at Dodona in northwest Greece. Bronze; c. 550-540 BCE.
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The indirect lost wax casting method.
