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Computer Science > NEED TO KNOW MOCKS > Flashcards

NEED TO KNOW MOCKS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Analogue signals?

A

Pieces of continuously changing data

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2
Q

Why do Analogue signals need to be converted into digital data?

A

So computers can read and store sound files

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3
Q

What is Sampling?

A

The process of converting analogue to digital

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4
Q

What factors affect size and quality of Sound files?

A
  • Bit depth
  • Sample rate
  • Bit rate
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5
Q

What is Bit depth?

A

Number of bits available for each sample

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6
Q

What is Sample rate?

A

How many samples you take in a second

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7
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Makes the file temporarily smaller by removing data to store the file

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8
Q

What is a network protocol?

A

A set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted across a network

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9
Q

What is a communication protocol?

A
  • Specify how communication between two devices must start and end
  • How data must be organised
  • What devices must do if it goes missing
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10
Q

What are Mac addresses?

A

48 or 64 bit binary numbers
—> Binary numbers are converted into hex

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11
Q

What does HTTP stand for?

A

Hyper text transfer protocol

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12
Q

What is a HTTP used for?

A

Used by web browsers to access websites and communicate with web servers

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13
Q

What does HTTPS stand for?

A

HTTP secure

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14
Q

What is a HTTPS used for?

A
  • A more secure version of HTTP
  • Encrypts all info sent and received
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15
Q

What does FTP stand for?

A

File transfer protocol

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16
Q

What is a FTP used for?

A

Used to access and move files between devices on a computer

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17
Q

What does POP3 stand for?

A

Post office protocol (version 3)

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18
Q

What is a POP3 used for?

A
  • Used to retrieve emails from a server
  • The server holds email until you download it, it’ll then be deleted after
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19
Q

What does IMAP stand for?

A

Internet message access protocol

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20
Q

What is a IMAP used for?

A
  • Used to retrieve emails from a server
  • The server holds email until you delete it
    —> WE only download a copy
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21
Q

Who uses IMAP the most?

A

Web-based email clients

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22
Q

What does SMTP stand for?

A

Simple mail transfer protocol

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23
Q

What is a SMTP used for?

A
  • Used to send emails
  • Used to transfer emails between servers
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24
Q

What is a layer?

A

A group of protocols which have similar functions

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25
Q

What are the 4 layers called?

A
  • Applications layer
  • Transport layer
  • Internet layer
  • Link layer
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26
Q

What is an Applications layer?

A

A networking layer which encodes or decodes a message
–> In a form that is understood by the sender and the recipient

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27
Q

Which protocols operate in the Applications layer?

A
  • HTTP/S
  • SMTP
  • IMAP
  • FTP
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28
Q

What is an Transport layer?

A

A networking layer which determines how a message is transmitted over a network

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29
Q

Which protocols operate in the transport layer?

A
  • TCP
  • UDP
30
Q

What is an Internet layer?

A

Addresses and packages data, ready for transmission.
—> Then routes the packets across the network

31
Q

Which protocols operate in the Internet layer?

A

IP

32
Q

What is a Link layer?

A

A networking layer which facilities the transmission of a message across a network

33
Q

What operates in the link layer?

A
  • NIC
  • Operating system drivers
34
Q

What are the advantages of layers?

A
  • Breaks network communications into manageable pieces
  • Self-contained
  • Has standards
35
Q

How is breaking network communications into manageable pieces an advantage in relation with layers?

A

Helps developers concentrate only on one area of the network without having to worry about the others

36
Q

How does layers being self contained an advantage?

A

An individual layer can be changed without it affecting the other layers

37
Q

How does layers having standards an advantage?

A

Forces companies to make compatible, universal hardware & software
—> Different brands will work with each other

38
Q

What is a DNS server?

A

Stores a list of domain names and a list of corresponding IP addresses where the website is stored

39
Q

What are the steps taken to display a Webpage?

A
  • Domain name is typed into the address bar of a browser
  • A query is sent to the local DNS server for the corresponding IP address of the domain name
  • Local DNS server will check if it holds that IP address to that domain name
    —> If it does it will pass the IP address to your browser
  • The browser then connect to the IP address of the server and accesses the web site
40
Q

What will happen if the local DNS server does not hold the IP address?

A

Then another query is passed to another DNS server @a higher level until

41
Q

What is the first stage of the FDE cycle?

A

The memory address held in the program counter is copied into the MAR

42
Q

What happens after the memory address held in the program counter is copied into the MAR?

A

address in the program counter is then incremented by one

43
Q

What happens after the address in the program counter is then incremented by one?

A

The processor sends a signal along the address bus to the memory address held in the MAR.

44
Q

What happens after the processor sends a signal along the address bus to the memory address held in the MAR?

A

The instruction/data held in that memory address is sent along the data bus to the MDR

45
Q

What happens after the instruction/data held in that memory address is sent along the data bus to the MDR?

A

The instruction/data held in the MDR is copied into the CIR

46
Q

What happens after the instruction/data held in the MDR is copied into the CIR?

A
  • The instruction/data held in the CIR is decoded and then executed. * Results of processing are stored in the ACC
47
Q

What happens after the instruction/data held in the CIR is decoded and then executed?

A

The cycle then returns to step one

48
Q

What is ASCII?

A
  • 7 bits
  • 128 character set
49
Q

What languages would use ASCII?

A

English

50
Q

What is Extended ASCII?

A
  • 8 bits
  • 256 character set
51
Q

What languages would use Extended ASCII?

A

French, Spanish

52
Q

What is Unicode?

A
  • 16 bits
  • Over 65,000 characters
53
Q

What languages would use Unicode?

A

Mandarin, Arabic

54
Q

How is bit rate calculated?

A

bit depth x sample rate

55
Q

What are some lossy formats?

A
  • JPEG
  • MP3
56
Q

What are some lossless formats?

A
  • PDF
  • WAV
57
Q

What are routers used for?

A

To send data signals across the internet

58
Q

How do routers work?

A

Collects knowledge of available routes to transmit data
—> Then determine the most suitable route for sending data

59
Q

What is a WAP?

A

Uses a radio transceiver to allow wireless connections to a network

60
Q

How can WAPs extended the range of a wireless network?

A

WAP can either receive and transmit traffic to other WAPs

or

It can be connected via a cable to the main network

61
Q

What factors affect network performance?

A
  • Number of devices on the network
  • Bandwidth of the transmission medium
  • Type of network
  • Network latency
62
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

A measure of the amount of data that the medium can transfer over a given period of time

63
Q

What is network latency?

A

A measure of how long it takes a message to travel from one device to another across a network

64
Q

High latency

A

lots of delays

65
Q

Low latency

A

Small amount of delays

66
Q

What will the latency be like in a hub based network and why?

A

High latency - hubs broadcast all messages to all devices

67
Q

What will the latency be like in a switch based network and why?

A

Low latency - transmit messages only to the intended recipient

68
Q

Advantages of cloud storage?

A
  • Ability to access files from any location or any device
    –> so long as an internet connection exists
  • Access can be granted to another user so they can remotely access your data
  • Reduced need to make backups
  • cloud storage services back up the data for you
69
Q

Disadvantages of cloud storage?

A
  • No guarantee that someone else is not accessing your data
  • No guarantee that your data is being backed-up
  • Access to data is only possible with an internet connection - no connection means no access to data
70
Q

Advantages of star network?

A
  • Each node is separately connected - if one fails it will not affect the rest of the network
  • Higher performance - message only passed onto intended recipient
71
Q

Disadvantages of star network?

A

If switch fails as no node can communicate - whole network fails

Expensive - requires plenty of cable

Computer Science (13 decks)

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