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ESS 312 - Earth Materials > Need to Know Minerals > Flashcards

Need to Know Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Quartz *

A

Silica
SiO2

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2
Q

Tridimite

A

Silica

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3
Q

Cristobalite

A

Silica

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4
Q

Coesite

A

Silica

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5
Q

Stishovite

A

Silica

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6
Q

Chert

A

Cryptocrystalline Silica form
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure)

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7
Q

Chalcedony

A

Cryptocrystalline Silica form
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure)

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8
Q

Agate

A

Cryptocrystalline Silica form
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure)

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9
Q

Jasper

A

Cryptocrystalline Silica form
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure)

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10
Q

Flint

A

Cryptocrystalline Silica form
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure)

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11
Q

Petrified Wood

A

Cryptocrystalline Silica form
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure)

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12
Q

Anorthite *

A

Plagioclase Feldspar
Ca Al2 Si2O8

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13
Q

Albite *

A

Plagioclase Feldspar
Na Al Si3O8

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14
Q

Orthoclase *

A

(K-spar) Feldspar
K Al Si3O8 (partially ordered, fast/slow cooling)

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15
Q

Sanidine *

A

(K-spar) Feldspar
K Al Si3O8 (disordered, fast cooling - volcanic)

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16
Q

Microcline *

A

(K-spar) Feldspar
K Al Si3O8 (highly ordered, slow cooling - granitic)

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17
Q

Anorthoclase *

A

Feldspar
(Na,K) AlSi3O8

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18
Q

Perthite

A

Feldspar
(intergrowth of two feldspars)
(not a true mineral - has various compositions)

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19
Q

Leucite

A

Feldspathoid

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20
Q

Nepheline

A

Feldspathoid

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21
Q

Sodalite

A

Feldspathoid

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22
Q

Muscovite *

A

Mica
K Al2 (Al Si3O10) (OH)2

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23
Q

Biotite *

A

Mica
K (Mg,Fe)3 Al Si3O10 (OH)2

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24
Q

Phlogopite

A

Mica (Biotite group)

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25
Q

Annite

A

Mica (Biotite group)

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26
Q

Lepidolite

A

Mica

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27
Q

Smectite *

A

Clay
A0.3 D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
or
(Ca,Na,H) (Al,Mg,Fe,Zn)2 (Si, Al)4O10(OH)2 -xH2O

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28
Q

Illite *

A

Clay
K0.65 Al2.0 [Al0.65 Si3.35 O10] (OH)2
or
(K,H3O) (Al,Mg,Fe)2 (Si,Al)4O10 [(OH)2 . (H2O)]

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29
Q

Kaolinite *

A

Clay
Al2 (Si2O5 )(OH)4

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30
Q

Chrysotile *

A

Serpentine
Mg3 (Si2O5) (OH)4

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31
Q

Lizardite *

A

Serpentine
Mg3 (Si2O5) (OH)4

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32
Q

Antigorite *

A

Serpentine
Mg3 (Si2O5) (OH)4

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33
Q

Chlorite *

A

Sheet Silicate Group
(Mg,Fe,Li)6 Al Si3O10 (OH)8

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34
Q

Talc *

A

Sheet Silicate
Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

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35
Q

Enstatite *

A

Orthopyroxene
MgSiO3

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36
Q

Ferrosilite *

A

Orthopyroxene
FeSiO3

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37
Q

Augite *

A

Clinopyroxene
(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6

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38
Q

Diopsite *

A

Clinopyroxene
CaMgSi2O6

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39
Q

Hedenbergite

A

Clinopyroxene

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40
Q

Spodumene

A

Clinopyroxene

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41
Q

Wollastonite

A

Pyroxenoid

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42
Q

Rhodenite

A

Pyroxenoid

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43
Q

Tremolite *

A

Amphibole
Ca2 (Mg,Fe)5 Si8O22 (OH)2

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44
Q

Actinolite *

A

Amphibole
Ca2 (Mg,Fe++)5 Si8O22 (OH)2
or
Ca2 (Mg4.5-2.5,Fe0.5-2.5 ) Si8O22 (OH)2

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45
Q

Glaucophane *

A

Amphibole
Na2 (Mg3 Al2) Si8O22 (OH)2

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46
Q

Hornblende *

A

Amphibole
Ca2 (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)5 (Si,Al)8O22 (OH)2

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47
Q

Anthophyllite

A

Amphibole

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48
Q

Cummingtonite

A

Amphibole

49
Q

Forsterite *

A

Olivine
Mg2 SiO4

50
Q

Fayalite *

A

Olivine
Fe2 SiO4

51
Q

Spessartine *

A

Garnet
Mn3 Al2 (SiO4)3

52
Q

Almandine *

A

Garnet
Fe3 Al2 (SiO4)3

53
Q

Pyrope *

A

Garnet
Mg3 Al2 (SiO4)3

54
Q

Grossular *

A

Garnet
Ca3 Al2 (SiO4)3

55
Q

Titanite (aka Sphene)

A

Nesosilicate

56
Q

Zircon

A

Nesosilicate

57
Q

Staurolite

A

Nesosilicate

58
Q

Andalusite *

A

Aluminosilicate
Al2 SiO5

59
Q

Sillimanite *

A

Aluminosilicate
Al2 SiO5

60
Q

Kyanite *

A

Aluminosilicate
Al2 SiO5

61
Q

Zeolite

A

group of Hydrated aluminosilicate

62
Q

Chabazite

A

Zeolite (hydrated aluminosilicate)

63
Q

Cordierite

A

Cyclosilicate

64
Q

Beryl

A

Cyclosilicate

65
Q

Chrysocolla

A

Cyclosilicate

66
Q

Lawsonite *

A

Sorosilicate
Ca Al2 (Si2O7) (OH)2 · H2O

67
Q

Epidote *

A

Sorosilicate
Ca2 (Al2Fe3+) [Si2O7] [SiO4] O (OH)

68
Q

Ringwoodite *

A

Deep Mantle Mineral
(Mg,Fe2+)2 SiO4
or
Si Mg2 O4
(high pressure forsterite polymorph)

69
Q

Wadsleyite *

A

Deep Mantle Mineral
Mg4 O (Si2O7)
or
Mg2 SiO4
(forsterite polymorph)

70
Q

Majorite *

A

Deep Mantle Mineral
Mg3 (MgSi) (SiO4)3

71
Q

Silicate Perovskite

A

Deep Mantle Mineral
(also called Bridgmanite)

72
Q

Ferropericlase

A

Deep Mantle Mineral

73
Q

Apatite

A

Phosphate

74
Q

Topaz

A

Other Silicate

75
Q

Monazite

A

Phosphate

76
Q

Dolomite *

A

Carbonate
Ca Mg (CO3)2

77
Q

Aragonite *

A

Carbonate
Ca CO3
(calcite polymorph, low temp, near surface)

78
Q

Calcite *

A

Carbonate
Ca CO3

79
Q

Siderite *

A

Carbonate
Fe CO3

80
Q

Magnesite

A

Carbonate

81
Q

Rhodochrosite

A

Carbonate

82
Q

Malachite

A

Copper Carbonate

83
Q

Azurite

A

Copper Carbonate

84
Q

Gypsum *

A

Sulfate
Ca SO4 · 2H2O

85
Q

Anhydrite *

A

Sulfate
Ca SO4
gypsum - without (an) water (hydrite)

86
Q

Barite *

A

Sulfate
Ba SO4

87
Q

Halite *

A

Halide
Na Cl

88
Q

Sylvite

A

Halide

89
Q

Fluorite

A

Halide

90
Q

Pyrite *

A

Sulfide
Fe S2

91
Q

Chalcopyrite *

A

Sulfide
Cu Fe S2

92
Q

Chalcocite

A

Sulfide

93
Q

Molybdenite

A

Sulfide

94
Q

Arsenopyrite

A

Sulfide

95
Q

Marcasite

A

Sulfide

96
Q

Galena *

A

Sulfide
Pb S

97
Q

Stibnite

A

Sulfide

98
Q

Orpiment

A

Sulfide

99
Q

Realgar

A

Sulfide

100
Q

Cinnabar

A

Sulfide

101
Q

Covellite

A

Sulfide

102
Q

Sphalerite

A

Sulfide

103
Q

Bornite

A

Sulfide

104
Q

Goethite

A

Oxide

105
Q

Limonite

A

Oxide
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure and can have various compositions)

106
Q

Diaspore

A

Oxide

107
Q

Bauxite

A

Oxide
(not a true mineral - lacks crystalline structure and can have various compositions)

108
Q

Chromite

A

Oxide

109
Q

Cassiterite

A

Oxide

110
Q

Magnetite *

A

Oxide
Fe2+ Fe3+2 O4
or
Fe3 O4

111
Q

Hematite *

A

Oxide
Fe2 O3

112
Q

Rutile *

A

Oxide
Ti O2

113
Q

Ilmentite *

A

Oxide
Fe Ti O3
or
Fe2+ Ti4+ O3

114
Q

Corundum *

A

Oxide
Al2 O3
(ruby, sapphire, amethyst)

115
Q

Cuprite

A

Oxide

116
Q

Gold *

A

Native Element
Au

117
Q

Silver *

A

Native Element
Ag

118
Q

Diamond *

A

Native Element
C

119
Q

Graphite *

A

Native Element
C

ESS 312 - Earth Materials (4 decks)

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