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ESS 312 - Earth Materials > General knowledge > Flashcards

General knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is plate tectonics?

A

The way Earth transports energy (heat)

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2
Q

nucleosynthesis

A

process of forming new elements via nuclear fusion
H (1) to Fe (26)

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3
Q

Age of solar system

A

4.64 billion years

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4
Q

Age of earth

A

4.56 billion years

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5
Q

heavy elements form how?

A

Supernova

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6
Q

Age of the universe

A

13.7 billion years

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7
Q

Upper mantle composition

A

60% olivine
30% pyroxene
10% garnet

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8
Q

Earth’s crust

A

bimodal: oceanic, continental
quartz,amphiboles,feldspars
Ca, Al, Na, Si, Mg, Fe, Si, Al, K
< .5% of Earth’s mass

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9
Q

mineral definition

A

naturally occuring
homogeneous (single phase)
crystalline
definte (but generally not fixed) chemical composition
inorganic

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10
Q

ways to classify a mineral

A

(chemical) composition
structure
physical properties

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11
Q

euhedral texture

A

shape of phenocryst is perfect - good planes

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12
Q

subhedral texture

A

shape of phenocryst is less than planar
(can see some shape, maybe)

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13
Q

anhedral texture

A

shape of phenocryst is completely irregular

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14
Q

heat sources for rock production

A

primordal (collected during accrection of the earth) - core
radiogenic decay (crust)

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15
Q

rock factories

A

mid-ocean ridges (melt)
mantle plume/hot spot (melt0
subduction zone (partial melt)
continental collision zones (metamorphism)

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16
Q

hexagonal close packing

A

HCP: ABABAB
B is centered in divets from A, creating two repeating rows
looks like an hourglass
(Hexagonal - Hourglass)

17
Q

face centered cubic packing

A

FCC: ABCABCABC
A = bottom left corner of face
B = center face
C = upper right corner of face
repeating pattern for cube on top of that cube

18
Q

Radius ratio

A

radius of cations/radius of anions
anions (large) close packed
cations (small) tetrahedral or octahedral voids (BCC)

19
Q

relationship between RR and CN

A

smaller the radius ratio, the smaller the coordination number

ESS 312 - Earth Materials (4 decks)

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